NUTRITIONAL REHABILITATION SERVICES AND CENTRES

Nutritional Rehabilitation Centers

1. NUTRITIONAL REHABILITATION CENTRES Presenter- ASHUTOSH MISHRA

2. Overview: Need for study Objectives of study Review of literature Materials and methods List of references

3. Need for study: According to the National Survey (NFHS-5, 2019-21) in India 32.1 percent children under age of five years are underweight (low weight for age). 35.5 percent children under five are stunted (low height for age). 19.3 percent children under five years of age are wasted (low weight for height); Over 6 per cent of these children are severely wasted (<-3SD). Since ‘wasting’ denotes acute malnutrition, these children are said to have Severe Acute Malnutrition or SAM.

4. In Uttar Pradesh, 39.7% of children under age five are stunted, or too short for their age, which indicates that they have been undernourished for some time. 17% of children are wasted, or too thin for their height, which may result from inadequate recent food intake or a recent illness. 33.1% are underweight, which takes into account both chronic and acute under nutrition.

5. Moderate Acute Malnutrition (MAM) is defined by WHO/UNICEF as: Weight-for-Height Z-score <-2 but >-3SD of the median WHO child growth standards. Severe Acute Malnutrition (SAM) is defined by WHO/UNICEF as: MUAC<11.5cm Weight-for-Height Z-score <-3 SD of the median WHO child growth standards Bilateral pitting oedema Marasmic-kwashiorkor (both wasting and oedema)

6. Nutritional rehabilitation centre: The Nutrition Rehabilitation Center(NRC) has been launched under collaborative scheme of UNICEF and Govt. of India. It is a unit for restoring severely acutely malnourished(SAM)children to good health while educating their mothers about nutrition and childcare.

7. Services provided at NRC: 24 hours care and monitoring of the child Treatment of medical complication; Therapeutic feeding Sensory stimulation and emotional care; Counselling on appropriate feed, care and hygiene Demonstration and practice-by-doing on the preparation of energy dense food using locally available, culturally acceptable and affordable food items; Social assessment of the family to identify and address contributory factors; and Follow up of the children discharged from the facility.

8. Management of medical complications in a child with SAM at health facility A majority of the deaths in hospitals occur within 24 hours of admission, many of these deaths can be prevented if the critically ill children are identified as soon as they are admitted and their treatment is started immediately.

9. TRIAGE Triage is the process of rapidly screening sick children Triage must be done for all pediatric patients coming to the health facility. The first step is to check every child for emergency signs and provide emergency treatment as necessary, keeping in mind the ABCD steps : Airway, Breathing, Circulation, Coma, Convulsion and Dehydration

10. Admission criteria Children 6-59 months : Wt/ Ht. or Wt/L<-3Zscores (WHO 2005 Standards) AND/OR MUA C(Mid Upper Arm Circumference)<115mmAND/OR Presence of bilateral pitting edema. Infants < 6 months Infant is too weak or feeble to suckle effectively (independently of his/her weight-for-length). OR WfL (weight-for-length) <–3SD (in infants >45 cm).OR Visible severe wasting in infants <45 cm. OR Presence of oedema both feet

11. The principles of management of SAM are based on 3 phases: Stabilization Phase, Transition Phase and Rehabilitative Phase. Stabilization Phase: Children without adequate appetite and/or major complications are first stabilized and carefully monitored. This phase lasts for 1-2days. The feeding formula used is F75 which promotes recovery of normal metabolic function and nutrition-electrolytic balance .

12. 2.Transition Phase: after stabilization phase there is transition phase lasting for 2-3days to ensure that the child is clinically stable and can tolerate an increased energy and protein intake. There is gradual transition from Starter diet to Catch up diet (F 100).The quantity of Catch up diet given is equal to the quantity of Starter diet given in stabilization Phase. 3 . Rehabilitation Phase: when there is no medical complication and reasonable appetite this phase starts. It promotes rapid weight gain, and prepare the child for normal feeding at home

13. Vitamin A: Give Vitamin A in a single dose to all SAM children unless there is evidence that child has received vitamin A dose in last 1 month. Recommended oral dose of Vitamin A according to child’s age AGE Vit. A Dose < 6 months 50,000 IU 6-12 months or if weight <8 kg 100,000 IU >12 months 200,000 IU Micronutrient supplementation

14. Give same dose on Day 1, 2 and 14 if there is clinical & evidence of vitamin A deficiency. Children more than twelve months but having weight less than 8 kg should be given 100,000 IU orally irrespective of age. Oral treatment with vitamin A is preferred. For oral administration, an oil-based formulation is preferred, IM treatment should be used in children with severe anorexia, edematous malnutrition, or septic shock, Only water based formulations and half of oral dose should be used. Other micronutrients should be given daily for at least 2 weeks: - Multivitamin supplement (should contain vitamin A, C, D,E and B12 And not just vitamin B complex): Twice recommended daily allowance. – Folic acid: 5 mg on day 1, then 1 mg/day. – Elemental Zinc: 2 mg/kg/day – Copper: 0.3 mg/kg/day (if separate preparation not available use commercial preparation containing copper), - Iron: Start daily iron supplementation after two days of the child being on catch up diet. Give elemental iron in the dose of 3 mg/kg/day in two divided doses, preferably between meals

15. Discharge criteria: Discharge criterion for all infants and children is 15 % weight gain and no signs of illness. Mother knows how to prepare appropriate foods and to feed the child. Follow-up plan is discussed and understood

16. Incentives given: During stay mother is given 65rs/day and 200rs as transportation charges. Anganwadi worker who brings the child receives 100rs During follow up mother gets 65rs and 200rs transportation cost accompanying anganwadi worker gets 100rs.

17. SAM affected children can be treated with community based management involving timely detection and treatment using ready to use therapeutic food and nutrient dense food at home.

18. This study is to analyze the effects of this centre in improving health of children, evaluate the services given and to study the effect of health education given to the mothers/ caretakers The National Rural Health Mission (NRHM), Ministry of Health and Family Welfare facilitates the states in setting up the NRCs. There are total 1080 NRCs in India and 71 in UttarPradesh .

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