DESCRIPTION Melatonin is a naturally occurring sleep-inducing hormone produced by the pineal gland and is structurally related to serotonin. Physiologically, melatonin secretion increases soon after the onset of darkness peaks at 2-4 hours, and diminishes during the second half of the night. V itamin B6 supports sleep by helping to boost the production of melatonin itself. Regulate Sleep Wake Cycle Regulate Sleep Wake Cycle
Day Light Melatonin Inhibit Dark Stimulate
Shift Work Alcohol Caffeine Jet lag or Time Change Blue Light Age
Research suggests that melatonin reduces the time it takes to fall asleep, Melatonin might be more beneficial for older adults who could be melatonin deficient. Primary Insomnia
Indications M elatonin reduces the time it takes to fall asleep, Melatonin might be more beneficial for older adults who could be melatonin deficient. Primary Insomnia Evidence shows that melatonin can improve jet lag symptoms, such as alertness and daytime sleepiness. Jet Lag
Indications Melatonin improve jet lag symptoms, such as alertness and daytime sleepiness. Jet Lag In this disorder, your sleep pattern is delayed two hours or more from a conventional sleep pattern, causing you to go to sleep later and wake up later. Research shows that melatonin reduces the length of time needed to fall asleep and advances the start of sleep in adults and children with this condition. Delayed Sleep Phase
Indications In this disorder, your sleep pattern is delayed two hours or more from a conventional sleep pattern, causing you to go to sleep later and wake up later. Research shows that melatonin reduces the length of time needed to fall asleep and advances the start of sleep in adults and children with this condition. Delayed Sleep Phase M elatonin can improve daytime sleep quality and duration in people whose jobs require them to work outside the traditional morning to evening schedule. Shift work disorder
Indications M elatonin can improve daytime sleep quality and duration in people whose jobs require them to work outside the traditional morning to evening schedule. Shift work disorder Studies have suggested melatonin might help treat sleep disturbances in children with a number of disabilities. However, good bedtime habits are usually recommended as an initial treatment. Sleep disorders in children
Indications Melatonin help s treat sleep disturbances in children with a number of disabilities. However, good bedtime habits are usually recommended as an initial treatment. Sleep disorders in children
WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS Melatonin may cause drowsiness; therefore, the product should be used with caution if the effects of drowsiness are likely to be associated with a risk to safety. Melatonin is not recommended for use in patients with autoimmune diseases. Melatonin should not be used in hepatic impairment due to CYP P450 enzyme.
INTERACTIONS Cytochrome P450 isoenzymes and CYP1A2 are involved in the metabolism of melatonin and consequently other drugs that inhibit or induce these isoenzymes may affect melatonin levels. Melatonin should not be taken with fluvoxamine, methoxsalen , cimetidine, or estrogens, all of which increase the melatonin concentrations through inhibition of its metabolism. Tobacco smoking may decrease melatonin levels due to the induction of CYP1A2. Cigarette smoking may decrease melatonin levels due to induction of CYP1A2. CYP1A2 inducers such as carbamazepine and rifampicin may give rise to reduced plasma concentrations of melatonin. Alcohol should not be taken with melatonin, because it reduces the effectiveness of melatonin on sleep. Melatonin may enhance the sedative properties of benzodiazepines and non-benzodiazepine hypnotics, such as zaleplon, zolpidem and zopiclone.
USE IN SPECIFIC POPULATIONS Hepatic impairment There are markedly elevated endogenous melatonin levels during daytime hours due to decreased clearance in patients with hepatic impairment. Therefore, Melatonin is not recommended for use in patients with hepatic impairment. Pregnancy According to the Sleep Foundation, research suggests that supplemental melatonin is safe during pregnancy when used under medical supervision. Nursing Mothers The breast-feeding is not recommended in women under treatment with melatonin. Pediatric Use Melatonin is beneficial for some children who have difficulty falling asleep, when the supplement is accompanied by a behavioral program to address the sleep problems.. Renal impairment Caution should be used when melatonin is administered to renal patients
OVERDOSAGE Somnolence was the most reported adverse event. Most were mild to moderate in severity. If overdose occurs, drowsiness is to be expected. Clearance of the active substance is expected within 12 hours after ingestion. No special treatment is required.