Observational learning

This ppt goes throught the 5 stages of Observational Learning & accompanies a Youtube clip made on this. See www.ePsychVCE.com for link

1. Observational learning First discussed by Bandurra Occurs by watching others Noting the positive and negative consequences of their actions Then imitating these actions Eg . Learning to shake hands, dance moves Classical and operant conditioning can occur (indirectly) through Vicarious Conditioning – Hence: modelling is not totally separate from O.C or C.C

2. Observational (vicarious) learning Vicarious Conditioning Learning indirectly by observing others Involves observing the consequences (reinforcement or punishment) of others behaviour and then modifying own behaviour according to those consequences observed. Hence Modelling is often referred to as a form of Operant conditioning (because the learning is controlled by the consequences )

3. Observational Learning (modeling) 5 stages Of modeling Motivation Reproduction Retention Attention Reinforcement

4. 5 stages of Observational learning 1: Attention – the observer must actively watch the model when completing the task Attention is Influenced by Motivation & interest of observer Personality characteristics of model Avoidance of distracters Distinctiveness, importance, Etc Bandurra felt we are more likely to attend to model if model has/ is High status Similar in nature to observer Is well liked , is known, behavior is visible/ distinctive Etc

5. Stages 2, 3: Retention, Reproduction 2: Retention – the observer must be able to make a mental representation (step by step) of the model’s behaviour The more meaningful you can make that image (i.e. mental representation of what you observed) the more accurately you will be able to replicate that behaviour . 3: Reproduction – the observer must have the ability to perform the action Reproduction is restricted by physical limitation i.e. I can’t do the splits, no matter how many times you show me!!!!!!!!!

6. Stages 4 Motivation & 5 & Reinforcement 4 : Motivation – the learner must want to perform behaviour . So if being taught something, then the teacher should encourage the learner to repeat the behaviour just seen E.g. – Answering questions in a Psych class after observing a student praised for giving the right answer. 5 Reinforcement If the model receives positive reinforcement , then this will increase the liklihood that the observer will repeat the behaviour E.g. Your friend dyes their hair black and everyone compliments her (you look pretty) then you might be inclined to try a similar strategy to you hair color