Obstructive Sleep Apnea- MBBS power point

obstructive sleep apnea

1. Obstructive Sleep Apnea Dr Dimple Makhija Asst Proff Respiratory Medicine

2. Definition Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) is a sleep-related breathing disorder. Characterized by repetitive episodes of partial or complete upper airway obstruction during sleep. Leads to intermittent hypoxia, fragmented sleep, and excessive daytime sleepiness

3. Epidemiology Prevalence: ~4% of men, 2% of women • More common in middle-aged and elderly • Increasing incidence with obesity epidemic • Often underdiagnosed in the general population

4. Pathophysiology Relaxation of pharyngeal muscles during sleep → airway collapse. Causes apnea (complete cessation) or hypopnea (partial obstruction). Intermittent hypoxemia and hypercapnia occur. Increased sympathetic activity and arousals lead to cardiovascular, metabolic, and neurocognitive effects.