Occupational Disease and Preventive Measure

This Slide is all about the Occupational Disease, Types of occupational Hazards and its Preventive measures.
Explore the realm of occupational diseases and their prevention strategies in this informative presentation. Delve into the risks that workers face due to their job roles and discover proactive measures that can be implemented to ensure a safer and healthier workplace. Uncover the insights you need to protect employees and enhance workplace well-being.

#OccupationalDisease #WorkplaceHealth #PreventiveMeasures #EmployeeWellbeing #SafetyAtWork

1. O C C U P A TION A L DISEASE

2. O C C U P A TION A L H E A L T H “Occupational Health aims at the promotion and maintenance of the highest degree of physical, mental and social well being of the workers in all occupations by preventing departures from health, controlling risks and the adaptation of work to people, and people to their job.” - ILO/WHO Occupational Health is the highest degree of physical, mental and social well-being of workers in all occupations. It represents a dynamic equilibrium between the worker and his occupational environment.

3. Occup a t i o n al D i sease Occupational disease is usually defined as disease arising out of or in the course of employment . Occupational Safety It is the condition of being safe or free from danger and risk from occupational hazards . Occupational Hazards Those hazards that the workers will encounter during working hour are known as occupational hazards. They are five different types depending on the type of occupation ie. Physical, mechanical, chemical, biological and psychological hazards.

4. In the past occupational health implies factories, mines and industries but the modern concept of occupational health includes all types of employment including commercial, agriculture services, industrial occupational accident, forestry, hygiene, industrial rehabilitation, toxicology, occupational psychology. Occupational health is the application of preventive medicine in all places employment.

5. Objectives of occupational health To reduce industrial or occupational accidents To prevent occupational hazards To maintain and promote the physical, mental and social well beings of workers To reduce sick absenteeism To achieve maximum human and machine efficiency To adopt the workplace and work environment to the need of the worker

6. Occupational Hazard and disease associated with it Type of occupational Hazard Hazard Disease 1. Physical Hazard The factor within the environment that can harm the body with or without necessarily touching it a . Heat Heat hyperpyrexia, heat exhaustion, heat syncope, heat cramps, burns and local effects such as prickly heat b. Cold Trench foot, frost bite, chilblains c. Light Occupational Cataract d. Pressure Caisson disease, air embolism, blast e. Noise Occupational deafness f. Radiation Cancer, leukemia, aplastic anaemia g . Mec h a n ical Factor Injuries, accidents h. Electricity Burns

7. Type of o cc upational Hazard Hazard Disease 2. Chemical Hazard It is the release of toxic agents into the atmosphere and environment a. Gases CO2, CO, HCN, ammonia, etc causes gas poisoning b. Dusts Pneumoconiosis A. Inorganic dust 1. Coal dust Anthracosis 2. Silica Silicosis 3 . A s b estos Asbestosis, lung cancer 4. Iron Siderosis B. Organic dust 1. Cotton dust Byssinosis 2. Cane fiber Bagassosis 3. Tobacco Tobacossis 4. Hay or grain dust Farmers’ lung

8. Type of occupational Hazard Hazard Disease 2. Chemical hazard C. Metal and their co m po u nd Toxic hazard from lead, mercury, cadmium, arsenic etc D. Chemical Acid, alkalis, pesticide E. Solvents C a r bon bisu l phid e , ben z ene, chloroform, etc 3. Biological Hazard substance which consists of microorganism or non viable product of living matter B rucellos i s, lep t osp i r o s i s, anthrax, actinomycosis, hydatidosis, tetanus, encephalitis, etc 4. Mechanical Hazard Accident, injuries 5. Psychosocial hazard Industrial neurosis, hypertension, peptic ulcer, headache, shoulder pain, back and neck pain, heart diseases, etc.

9. Other occupational disease 1. Occupational cancer Cancer of skin, lungs, bladder 2. Occupational dermatotis Dermatitis, eczema

10. Toxicity Hazard Risk It a harmful effect It is the condition of It is the condition of that occurs when imbalance of any imbalance of any unallowable drugs are thing thing administered The toxicity of a The hazard of a A determinant which substance is the chemical is the is significantly potential of that particle likelihood associated with substance to cause that the chemical will disease. harm, and is only one cause harm. factor in determining whether a hazard exists The toxicity of a The different types of Risk factors play a substance is its ability hazards are vital role in the to cause harmful responsible to cause production of disease Effects. Ill health effect. or health problem.

11. Toxicity Hazard Risk The toxicity of a substance depends on three factors: its chemical structure, the extend to which the substance is absorbed by the body and body’s ability to detoxify the substance (change it into less toxic substances) and eliminate it from the body. The severity of hazard is determined by the nature and quantities of various factors The chance of risk is de p e n de n t on the toxic and hazardous agents Toxic materials can take the form of solids, liquids, gases, vapors, dusts, fumes, fibers and mists The hazards can be categorized into physical, chemical, biological, mechanical and psychological The risk factor may be visible or invisible

12. Occupational health service Occupational health services are essentially preventable in nature and responsible for advising employers and representatives for establishing and maintaining a safe and healthy working environment, which will facilitate optimum physical and mental health in relation to work.

13. Occupational health services include: pre-employment medical examination First aid and emergency services Periodic medical examination Supervision of work environment Health education and counseling Sanitation, hygiene, safe water supply, provision of sanitary latrine, canteen facilities etc Stress management Hazard identification research Provisions of personal protective equipments 10. Others health programmes like family planning, nutrition, immunization

14. Ergonomics: (ergon-work, nomas-law = greek word ) “fitting the job to the worker” Ergonomics is the area of scientific research and application concerned with the design of engineering system and environment to be compatible with the human capacities and limitation Ergonomics is the study of human abilities and characteristics which affects the design of equipment, machines, system, jobs with the aim of improving efficiency, safety and well being The objective of ergonomics is to achieve mutual adjustment of man and his workers

15. Occupation Environment The health of the workers in a large measures is influenced by condition prevailing in their work place. The aim of occupational health is to provided a safe occupational environment. In order to safegurd the health of the workers. Occupational environment is the some of external condition and influences at the work place which have a bearing on the health of working population Basically there are 3 types interaction in working environment Man and physical, chemical , biological agent Man and machine Man and man

16. 1. Man and physical, chemical, biological agent: Physical agents: heat, cold, humidity, air movement, light, noise, vibration, ionizing radiation etc are the factors which may be adverse to health in the working environment. The amount of working and breathing space, water supply toilets, bathing facilities etc Chemical agent: dusts gaseous, acid, alkalis, solvents, metals and their compounds etc Biological agent: virus, bacteria, parasites, rickettsia etc

17. 2. Man and machines: Unguarded machine, protruding and moving parts, poor installation of machines, lack of safety measures are the cause of accidents, working for long hours in un- physiological postures is the cause of backhache, fatigue, joint disease 3. Man and man Humans relationship among workers themselves and those in higher authority work stability, jobs satisfaction, security leadership style, service condition trade union activities , bonus, incentives etc Hopes and fears attitudes towards their job and other workers etc are the example of psychological factors arising in occupational environment

18. Prevention of occupational disease A. MEDICAL MEASURES 1. Preplacement examination Include worker’s medical, family occupational and social history through physical examination and biological and radiological examination. Eg: X-ray, ECG, vision test, urine and blood test, etc 2. Periodical examination Periodical medical check up of workers when they handle toxic or poisonous substances. Generally, workers are examined once a year but in certain occupational exposure ( lead, radium, toxic dyes) monthly examination is indicated. 3. Medical and health care services First aid services should be made available. Immunization is another accepted function of and occupational health services.

19. 4. Notification Some disease require to be notified to the national and international for the worker compensation. It helps to initiate measures for the prevention and protection and investigate the working condition which have caused or suspected to cause occupational disease. 5. Supervision of working environment Periodic examination of working environment such as temperature, lighting, ventilation, humidity, noise, air pollution and sanitation, etc. 6. Maintenance and analysis of records Proper record are essential for the planning, development and efficient operation of an occupational health services. 7. Health education and counseling It help to assist the worker in his process of adjustment to the working, home and community environment.

20. B. Engineering measure 1. Design of building The type of floor, wall, height, ceiling, roof, door and windows, cubic space are all considered while constructing the building. 2. Good house keeping It covers general cleanliness, ventilation, lighting, washing, food arrangement and general maintenance. 3. General ventilation Decreases airborne hazard of worker, especially hazard from dust and gases. 4. Mechanization Dermatitis can be prevented if hand mixing is replaced by mechanical devices. Acid can be conveyed from one place to another through pipe.

21. 5. Substitution Replacement of a harmful materials by a harmless one or one of lesser toxicity. 6. Dust Dusts can be controlled at the point of origin by water spray. 7. Enclosure Enclosing harmful materials and processes will prevent the escape of dust and fumes into the atmosphere. 8. Isolation Isolation of offensive process in a separate building so that workers are not exposed to hazard. 9. Local exhaust ventilation By providing local exhaust ventilation; dusts, fumes and injurious substance can be trapped before they escape into the factory atmosphere.

22. 10. Protective Devices Use of protective devices such as respirators, mask, ear plugs, ear muffs, helmet, safety shoes, aprons, gloves, gum boot, barrier cream, etc. 11. Environmental monitoring Include environmental survey, especially sampling the factory atmosphere to determine whether dusts and gases are within the permissible limit. 12. Statistical monitoring evaluate the adequacy of preventive measure and occupational health criteria, including permissible exposure level. 13. Research Research in occupational health can provide better understanding of industrial health problems.

23. C. Legislation Factory law have been framed in every country to govern the condition in industry and to safeguard the health and welfare of the worker.