OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH.ppt

Occupational Health
Health Professionals
Safety at Workplace
Occupational Hazards

1. OCCUPATIONAL
HEALTH
FRCP, FACP, FAMS, MD HA (AIIMS)
Postdoc Fellowship, Bristol University
(England)
Doctorate in Educational Leadership (USA)

2. Learning Objectives
•At the end of the lecture, students should
be able to:
-Define occupation health (OH)
-Describe the scope of OH
-Describe the objectives of OH
-Enumerate the tools of OH
Factors influencing

3. Occupational Health
•Promotion and maintenance of the
highest degree of physical, mental &
social well-being of workers in all
occupations
•The prevention among workers of
departures from health caused by their
working conditions
•Protection of workers in their employment
from risks resulting from factors adverse
to health

4. Objectives of Occupational Health
•To identify risks to health from
specific hazards in the
environment
•To keep known hazards under
control and within safe limits of
biological exposure
•To help find causes of identified
health problems and eliminate
consequent risks to health

5. Objectives (contd.)
•To provide a safe occupational
environment in order to
safeguard the health of the
workers and to step up
industrial production

6. Objectives (contd.)
•The prevention of disease and
maintenance of the highest degree
of health of workers in all
occupations
•Health promotion
•Specific protection
•Early diagnosis & treatment
•Disability limitation
•Rehabilitation

7. Tools
•Epidemiological approach
•Statistics
•Health screening
•Health education
•Application of Preventive
Medicine in all places

8. Factors influencing Health
Internal:
•Genetic
•Constitutional
External:
•Air/water/land
•Home/work/Sport/Transport
Health:
•Lifestyle
•Education
•Socio-economic/social class

9. Health of the WORKER
Factors affecting:
•Housing
•Water
•Sewage & Waste Disposal
•Nutrition
•Education

10. Occupational Environment
The sum of external conditions &
influences which prevail at the place
of work and which have a bearing on
the health of working population
•Man & physical, chemical &
biological agents
•Man & machine
•Man & man

11. Occupational Hazards
•Physical
•Chemical
•Biological
•Mechanical
•Psychological

12. Physical hazards
•Heat & Cold
•Light
•Noise
•Vibration
•Ultraviolet Radiation
•Ionizing Radiation

13. Chemical Hazards
Act in three ways:
•Local Action
•Inhalation
-Dust
-Gases
-Metals & their compounds
•Ingestion

14. Biological Hazards
•Brucellosis
•Leptospirosis
•Anthrax
•Hydatidosis
•Tetanus
•Encephalitis
•Fungal infections
•Schistosomiasis

15. Mechanical Hazards
•Machinery
•Protruding & moving
parts
•10% of accidents

16. Psychological hazards
•Workers’ failure to adapt to an
alien psychological environment
•Frustration of job satisfaction
•Poor human relationships
•Emotional tension
•Health Effects–hostility,
aggressiveness, anxiety, depression,
drug abuse; fatigue, headache,
generalized body aches, peptic ulcer,
hypertension

17. Diseases due to Physical Agents
•Heat exhaustion, heat syncope
•Cold -trench foot, frost bite
•Light –cataract
•Pressure –air embolism
•Noise –occupational deafness
•Radiation –cancer, leukemia,
aplastic anemia
•Mechanical –injuries, accidents
•Electricity -burns

18. Diseases due to chemical agents
•Gases –CO2, CO, HCL, NH3, N2
•Dusts: pneumoconiosis
•Metals: Lead, Mercury
•Chemicals: acids, alkalies,
pesticides
•Solvents: benzene, chloroform

19. Diseases due to Biological agents
•Brucellosis
•Leptospirosis
•Anthrax
•Tetanus
•Encephalitis

20. Occupational cancers
•Skin
•Lung
•Bladder

21. Occupational Dermatitis
•Dermatitis
•Eczema

22. Diseases of Psychological origin
•Industrial neurosis
•Hypertension
•Peptic ulcer

23. Pneumoconiosis
•Dust within the size range of 0.5 to 3
micron is a health hazard producing,
after a variable period of exposure, a
lung disease –Pneumoconiosis
•Silicosis (inhalation of dust with silica):
Mines
•Anthracosis: Coal mines

24. Pneumoconiosis (contd)
•Byssinosis: cotton fibre dust
•Bagassosis: sugar cane dust
•Asbestosis: (silica + mg, Fe,
Ca, Al base) –Serpentine:90%,
Amphibole:10%
•Farmer’s lung: grain dust

25. Lead Poisoning
•Industrial use (batteries, glass, ship
building, printing, rubber)
•Non-occupational sources: Gasoline
(exhausted from automobiles); Drinking
water from lead pipes
•Normal value: 5 ug/100 ml [>70
abnormal]
•90% of lead excreted in feces
•Affects CNS/GIT/Erythrocytes

26. Occupational Cancer
•Skin Cancer [coal tar, XRay, Dyes]
•Lung Cancer [asbestos, nickle,
chromium]
•Cancer Bladder [rubber, aniline
industry]
•Leukemia [radioactive substances]

27. Occupational Dermatitis
•Physical agents: heat, cold,
moisture, pressure, x-ray
•Chemical: acids, alkalies, dyes
•Biological: viruses, bacteria, fungi
•Plant products: leavers, vegetable,
fruit

28. Agricultural Workers
•Zoonotic Diseases: Brucellosis,
Anthrax, Leptospirosis
•Accidents (mines, construction)
•Toxic chemical hazards
•Physical extremes: climate
•Respiratory Diseases: cotton, tea,
tobacco

29. Industrialization
•Environmental sanitation: slums
•Water pollution: discharge of industrial
waste without treatment
•Air pollution
•Sewage Disposal
•Common Diseases: TB, STDs,
Waterborne/food borne diseases
•Social problems: Alcoholism, drug
addiction, prostitution
•Accidents
•Mental Health

30. Health Protection
•Nutrition
•Communicable Diseases Control
•Environmental Sanitation
•Mental Health
•Health Education

31. Prevention
Medical Measures
•Pre-placement examination
•Periodical examination
•Medical services
•Supervision of working
environment
•Health education

32. Prevention: Engineering measures
•Design of the building
•Good housekeeping
•General ventilation
•Mechanization
•Substitution

33. Prevention: Engineering measures
•Dust control by water sprays
•Enclosing the harmful materials
(dust/fumes)
•Local exhaust ventilation
•Protective devices (masks)
•Environmental monitoring
•Legislation