Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC)

Ocean Energy

1. Introduction The ocean cover 70% of the earth surface means ocean is the world largest solar energy collector & energy stored system. So, it possible to generate electricity from the oceanic thermal energy?

2. (Ocean thermal energy conversion) Jacques Arsene d’ Arsonval (1881) Energy convert –ocean solar radiation to electric power Renewable energy(clean & green power) Hydro energy thermal conversion system Use temp. differences What is OTEC..???

3. How does it work..??? Fuel of OTEC.. 25 -4 degree c (20 degree c differences) Used to drive steam cycle that turn to turbine Part of OTEC Require large volume Ex-100MW 20,000,000 gallon water Pump use 30% electricity

4. Type of OTEC- Closed Cycle OTEC Open Cycle OTEC Hybrid Cycle OTEC

5. 1) Closed Cycle OTEC Warm & cold water Ammonia as working fluid Generate electricity not fresh water

6. 2) Open Cycle OTEC Seawater is working fluid Vacuum 0.3 psia –22 degree c (boiling point of water) Boiling water drive to turbine Give Production of electricity & fresh water

7. Close Cycle Open Cycle

8. Combination of Closed & Open Cycle 3) Hybrid Cycle OTEC

9. Platforms of OTEC 1) Land Based Power plant

10. 2) Sea Based Power plant(Floating plant)

11. Potential of OTEC 98 nations have been identified OTEC potential zone More potential for tropical countries(20-25 degree c)

12. Infrastructure & Cost Size-100MW…10mt pipe diameter Length required >1000 mt Big construction of plant Required skill & experiment 10MW( Landbased ) coast-40,000,000 10MW profit per/yr-10,000,000 100MW coast-215,000,000 profit-100,000,000 (Source-www.oteci.com/http://nelha.hawaii.gov/)

13. OTEC Products (Outputs) 1) Electricity 2) Fresh water 3) SWAC 4) Mari culture

14. 1) Electricity Able to provide continuously electricity Energy losses 20%-30% 100MW -33,000,000 cubic mt per yr 2) Fresh water

15. 3 ) Mari-culture (fish production) SWAC require 1 cold pipe to reduce temp. Resort, Hotels, Hospitals, malls…. Reduce electricity uses 80%-90% (AC) Concentration of minerals, nutrients Artificial pond Very large profit 4) SWAC (Sea Water Air condition)

16. OTEC Plant in World Installed- Hawaii 1 MW - OTEC International and NELHA Japan/Nauru 120 kW- Japan Institute for Ocean Energy Research South Korea 20 kW- Installed in 2013. KISOT Japan/Okinawa 50 kW- XenesysIncorporated , IHI,and Yokogawa Developing Stage- Hawaii 10 MW- Lockheed Martin Naval Facility Engineering Command Southern China 10 MW- Lockheed Martin, Reign wood Group ( India- Tuticorin 1 MW -Ammonia-based closed cycle, started in 2000, but not completed due to problems with the pipes for pumping the seawater;floating plant.(IIT))

17. Advantages Use clean, renewable, natural resource “0” Carbon emission (sometime little) Produce electricity as well as fresh water Reduce dependency on fossil fuel (1.3million barrel p/ye) Produce 120,000,000 litter fresh water p/day(100MW) Mariculture -70 tons of shellfish meat grow each day(100MW) (Johnson 2013)

18. Disadvantages/Limitations OTEC produced electricity at present some time cost more than electricity OTEC plant not working further 40 degree latitude The pipe used in OTEC nearly up to 10 mt diameter, there is animal are sucked into the OTEC system. Risk of the leakage of Ammonia Cold water discharge on surface water it dangerous for marine life ex- Coral reefs OTEC –Experimental Stage

19. Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) is a technology solution that directly addresses the key concerns of energy security, global warming, pollution and depletion of nonrenewable fossil resources. OTEC provides a clean, reliable energy solution for many areas of the world.

20. Thank You

21. References:- http://www.oteci.com http://www.britannica.com/technology/ocean-thermal-energy-conversion https://www.bing.com/images http://nelha.hawaii.gov