ODD presentation

1. OPPOSITIONAL DEFIANT DISORDER (ODD ) BY CHRISTINE SCHMITT

2. What is Oppositional Defiant Disorder? Oppositional Defiant Disorder is a relatively new diagnosis. It is classified as a disruptive behavior disorder and is defined as a pattern of negative, disobedient, defiant or hostile behavior directed toward authority.

3. ODD Definition C ontinued Periods of difficult behavior are normal. Toddlers and t eens go through periods of difficult behavior as they strive for autonomy and independence. ODD children display negative or defiant behavior over time that is more often or worse than normal for their age.

4. Diagnosing ODD Diagnosis for Oppositional Defiant Disorder must meet certain criteria specified in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. A physical exam is performed. A mental health professional can then determine whether a child or adolescent has ODD.

5. Symptoms and Signs of ODD Often loses temper/ temper tantrums

6. Symptoms C ontinued Argumentativeness with adults Refuses to comply with adults’ rules Deliberately annoys other people Often blames others for his/her misbehavior or mistakes Is touchy or easily annoyed Often angry or resentful May be spiteful or vindictive

7. Symptoms C ontinued Anthony Kane, MD believes there are a few key questions whose answers may be indicative of ODD. Oppositional Defiant Disorder usually appears by age 8, and usually not later than early adolescence.

8. Who Has ODD? Oppositional Defiant Disorder in younger children is more common among boys.

9. Who? C ontinued Among school aged children and adolescents, ODD occurs almost equally in boys and girls.

10. Who? C ontinued 1% to as high as 6% of children and adolescents have oppositional defiant disorder to some degree.

11. Who? C ontinued ODD affects all types of families, but it seems to occur more in lower socioeconomic families.

12. Causes of ODD Developmental Theory Learning Theory There may be limitations or delays in a child’s ability to process thoughts or feelings. This suggests that ODD is the result of negative experiences.

13. Causes C ontinued Temperament Theory Many children who are in therapy have higher maintenance temperaments. Dr. David Rice worked for non-profit organization…The Preventive Ounce

14. Temperament Traits Affecting ODD Adaptability: not being able to quit an activity or be flexible Persistence: because frustration tolerance is low, the child or adolescent wants problems solved for him/her

15. Temperament C ontinued Mood : reacts to the world negatively

16. Additional Causes Inconsistent or harsh discipline Abuse or neglect Lack of supervision Chemical imbalance, i.e. serotonin

17. Related Disorders ADD, ADHD : found in 50 to 65% of ODD children Affective Disorders: 35 % (of the above) Personality Disorders: 15% (of the above) Learning Disorders

18. Risk factors A parent with a history of a disorder or abuse Brain impairment Exposure to toxins Poor relationship with parent(s) Neglectful or absent parent(s) Poverty Instability at home

19. Treatment for ODD Therapy is the usual treatment for individuals and families.

20. Therapy Cognitive problem solving training

21. Therapy Continued Parent training : a therapist helps parents develop skills for more positive and less frustration outcomes, especially in regard to temperament

22. Medication Ritalin: if ODD co-exists with ADHD Strattera Risperdal Divalproex Vitamins and Supplements Medication alone is not a recommended treatment for ODD

23. In Schools For teachers: re member that the ODD student has deficits when it comes to dealing with frustration. Teachers need to help identify frustrating activities and help develop coping skills. Clearly state behavioral goals .

24. Prognosis: What becomes of children and adolescents with ODD? With treatment, some will outgrow their ODD.

25. Prognosis C ontinued In older children, 75% will retain ODD traits.

26. Prognosis C ontinued The ODD may become something else. The child or adolescent may develop a conduct disorder. In very few cases, the child may continue to have only ODD.

27. Alternate Treatment Boot camps Clinics Ranches

28. Prevention Good parenting Early intervention

29. Conclusion Early diagnosis and treatment are very important. For those who receive treatment, many can become symptom free and can lead rewarding, happy lives.

30. Ruth Wells, MS Director of Youth Change “If you work with kids, but you are not a mental health professional, maybe it’s time to at least learn some of the basics about children’s mental health. And , no matter what your role with children, please consider it your obligation to train your kids to be peaceful. That may be the most important contribution you could make in a world that so thoroughly ensures that every child knows so much about extreme violence, and so little about anything peaceful.”