OIL & GAS OFFSHORE PLATFORM overview with details

Oil industry different platforms

1. OFFSHORE PLATFOR M CH2M HILL / VECO ENGINEERING 30 MAY, 2012 Avinash Solankey

2. SAFETY MOMENT H2S GAS DETECTION H2S GAS IS HIGHLY TOXIC , FLAMMABLE, COLOURLESS, SMELL IS LIKE ROTTEN EGGS & HEAVIER THAN AIR. CONCENTRATION ABOVE 1000 PPM CAN CAUSE IMMEDIATE DEATH. PORTABLE H2S DETECTOR IS A MANDATORY REQUIREMENT FOR HUMANS WORKING IN OIL & GAS & PETROCHEMICAL PLANTS /FACILITIES. (5 PPM IS LOW ALARM & 15 IS HIGH ALARM) INCASE H2S DETECTED (PLATFORM H2S DETECTOR OR PORTABLE H2S DETECTOR), LEAVE WORK PLACE IMMEDIATELY . WEAR YOUR B.A. SETS & RUN TOWARDS MUSTER POINT HELIDECK OR SUPPLY BOAT. (PRIORITY SHALL BE GIVEN TO HELIDECK) . INCASE YOUR BA SET IS RUNNING OUT OF OXYGEN, THEN CONNECT YOUR B.A. SET TO OXYGEN FILLING STATION. IF YOU ARE AT HELIDECK THEN WAIT FOR RESCUE TEAM. IF YOU ARE ON SUPPLY BOAT THEN MOVE AWAY FROM PLATFORM.

3. platform Types depending on depth

4. Fixed Platform upto 400 Mtr depth Tension Leg Platform from 500 Mtr to 2000 Mtr Compliant Tower from 400 Mtr to 900 Mtr depth SPAR Platform from 500 Mtr to 2500 depth Semi-submersible Platform upto from 500 Mtr to 3000 Mtr Floating, Production, Storage & Off-loading (FPSO) upto from 500 Mtr to 3000 Mtr

5. Fixed Platform JACKET :- Carbon-Steel jackets are vertical sections made of tubular steel members, and are usually piled into the seabed. These are typically used in water depths upto 400 Mtr . Main function of jacket is to support the platform. JACKET UNDER FABRICATION Fixed platform is divided into 2 parts :- JACKET & PLATFORM

6. JACKET AFTER INSTALLATION

7. PLATFORM :- The platform is made up of CARBON-STEEL material with anti-corrosive paint. Generally the platform is having production facilities, process facilities & control/electrical rooms & living quarters for crew. Generally the platform is designed for a life span of 30 years.

8. GRAPHICAL VIEW OF PLATFORM & JACKET AFTER INSTALLATION PLATFORM AFTER INSTALLATION (SINGLE OIL/GAS WELL OR WATER INJECTION PLATFORM

9. Compliant Tower These platforms consist of narrow flexible towers and a pile foundation supporting a conventional deck for drilling and production operations. Compliant towers are designed to sustain significant lateral deflections and forces, and are typically used in water depths ranging from 400 Mtr to 900 Mtr .

10. Petronius is a deepest compliant tower oil platform operated by Chevron Corporation and Marathon Oil in the Gulf of Mexico with compliant tower length is 609.9 Mtr .

11. Tension Leg platform TLPs are floating platforms anchored/fixed to the seabed by vertical tension tethers in a manner that eliminates most vertical movement of the structure. A group of tethers is called a tension leg. TLPs are used in water depths from 500 Mtr to 2,000 Mtr .

12. SPAR platform Spars are moored to the seabed by using conventional mooring lines. Spars have been designed in three configurations: the "conventional" one-piece cylindrical hull. The spar has more inherent stability than a TLP since it has a large counterweight at the bottom and does not depend on the mooring to hold it upright. It also has the ability, by adjusting the mooring line tensions (using chain-jacks attached to the mooring lines), to move horizontally and to position itself over wells at some distance from the main platform location. SPAR Platform is used from 500 Mtr to 2500 depth. The world's deepest platform is currently the Perdido spar in the Gulf of Mexico, floating in 2,438 meters of water. It is operated by Royal Dutch Shell and was built at a cost of $3 billion. Perdido spar jacket 310 Mtr long Perdido Platform

13. Perdido spar jacket front view

14. MANIFOLD

15. Semi Submersible platform These platforms have hulls (columns and pontoons) of sufficient buoyancy to cause the structure to float, but of weight sufficient to keep the structure upright. Semi-submersible platforms can be moved from place to place; can be ballasted up or down by altering the amount of flooding in buoyancy tanks; they are generally anchored by combinations of chain, wire rope or polyester rope, or both, during drilling or production operations, or both, though they can also be kept in place by the use of dynamic positioning. Semi-submersibles can be used in water depths from 500 Mtr to 3,000 Mtr .

16. Floating, Production, Storage & Off-loading (FPSO) The main types of floating production systems are FPSO (floating, production, storage & offloading), FSO (floating, production & offloading), FSU (floating storage unit. These are used exclusively for storage purposes, and host very little process equipment FPSOs consist of large monohull structures, generally shipshaped , equipped with processing facilities. These platforms are moored to a location for extended periods, and do not actually drill for oil or gas.

17. DRILL RIG A drilling rig is a machine which creates holes in the ground. Drilling rigs can be massive structures housing equipment used to drill water wells, oil wells, or natural gas extraction wells. They sample sub-surface mineral deposits, test rock, soil and groundwater physical properties, and also can be used to install sub-surface fabrications, such as underground utilities, instrumentation, tunnels or wells. Semi-Submersible Drill Rig T ransport Jack-up D rill R ig Transport

18. Jack-up D rilling Rig Jack-up Mobile Drilling Units (or jack-ups), as the name suggests, are rigs that can be jacked up above the sea using legs that can be lowered, much like jacks . These MODUs (Mobile Offshore Drilling Units) are typically used in water depths up to 170 m. They are designed to move from place to place, and then anchor themselves by deploying the legs to the ocean bottom using a Rack and Pinion gear system on each leg.

19. Rack and Pinion gear system

20. Semi-Submersible Drill Rig A drillship is a maritime vessel that has been fitted with drilling apparatus. It is most often used for exploratory drilling of new oil or gas wells in deep water. Most drillships are outfitted with a dynamic positioning system to maintain position over the well. They can drill in water depths up to 12,000 ft (3,700 m). [5] Dynamically positioned semi-submersible drilling rig

21. Deepwater Horizon Rig Gulf of Mexico BLOWOUT PREVENTER (15 Mtr , 300 TON)

22. Drill Rig flaring after drilling, acid pumping & well clean-up. WATER SHOWER FOR COOLING FLARE DURING FLARING DRILL RIG IN LOCK-DOWN MODE

23. Drill Ring finished drilling, encapped wellhead with Christmas tree & de- mobilised . Jacket ready for wellhead platform installation. BOAT LANDING CHRISTMAS TREE WELL PIPES

24. Offshore platform types depending on function 1) WELLHEAD PLATFORM 2) PROCESS PLATFORM

25. PROCESS PLATFORM LIVING QUARTER FLARE STACK FUEL PROCESS & POWER GENERATION PLATFORM WELLHEAD, INCOMER FLOWLINES, DGS MAINTENANCE ROOM & STORE PLATFORM WELLHEAD PLATFORM MAIN PROCESS PLATFORM

26. LIVING QUARTER Living Room Kitchen & Dinning Hall (24 Hours Food/Snack) Fitness Centre (Gyms) TV Hall & Internet Room Office / Meeting Room Laundry Smoking Room Store Room Communication Room Prayer Room Sports Room

27. WELLHEAD PLATFORM HELIDECK UPPER DECK LOWER DECK CELLAR DECK BOAT LANDING MEZZANINE DECK CRANE FLARE ELECTRICAL & CONTROL ROOM WELLHEAD PLATFORM

28. DECK STACKING

29. WELLHEAD PLATFORM Well head platform is an offshore structure where the natural gas / crude oil is produced. The facilities on a well head platform comprises of : Christmas tree Flow lines Production & Test manifolds Pig launcher Test separator Drain system Utilities

30. PRODUCTION HEADER Well Head TEST SEPARATOR WATER OIL GAS TEST HEADER LAUNCHER PIPE LINE FLOW LINE WELLHEAD PLATFORM PROCESS

31. SSV (SURFACE SHUTDOWN VALVE) SV (SHUTDOWN VALVE) CHRISTMAS TREE

32. CHOKE VALVE FLOW LINE CHRISTMAS TREE)

33. PRODUCTION HEADER FLOW LINE

34. The pig launcher is used for pigging operations when the pipelines need to be cleaned. PIG LAUNCHER PIG

35. VERTICAL PIG LAUNCHER

36. Test Separator is a vessel which is used for separating the different phases (gas / oil / water) in the well fluid, to measure the ratio of each . OIL / GAS from Test Header / Wellhead CONDENSATE WATER GAS TEST SEPARATOR

37. Utilities include: Instrument Air compressor ( NITROGEN / AIR) Chemical Injection system (Tank & Pump skid) (CI , BCI, KHI, MEG) Potable water system WHCP (Wellhead C ontrol P anel) HPU (Hydraulic Power Unit) Generators & Diesel storage Flare system (Pellet Ignition & Pilot Gas) Sea (Fire) Water Pump (with Anti-fouling system) UTILITIES

38. CLOSED DRAIN SYSTEM All the equipment and instrument drains in hydrocarbon service are connected to Closed Drain Tank (sometime Flare Knockout Drum also serves Closed Drain Tank). OPEN DRAIN SYSTEM All the skid drains and vessels / instruments in non-hydrocarbon service are connected to an Open Drain Tank. battery DRAIN SYSTEM Battery drains are connected to Battery Drain Drum at cellar deck.

39. LIQUID FILLING OR REMOVAL STATION

40. H2S Detector, Hydro-carbon Detector, Fire Detector Breathing Apparatus Set Floating Jacket Lifeboat Fire Extinguisher Scramble Net Radio (UHF/VHF) Nav-Aid System (for Helicopter & ships) Life Raft Swimming tube & Rope SAFETY EQUIPMENTS

41. CONTROL / ELECTRICAL ROOM With False Floor

42. MCT VIEW FROM INSIDE ROOM MCT VIEW FROM OUTSIDE ROOM

43. CONTROL / ELECTRICAL ROOM Without False Floor

44. 33kV SWGR Panel MCT welded into deck-plate

45. MCT VIEW FROM INSIDE ROOM MCT VIEW FROM BELOW ROOM

46. DECK FLOOR UPPER DECK & HELIDECK IS SOLID DECK PLATE REMOVABLE SLAB (FOR REMOVAL OF CHRISTMAS TREE & ESD VALVE DG SET

47. MEZZANINE / LOWER / CELLAR DECK & BOAT-LANDING IS MADE UPOF REMOVABLE GRATING

48. SUB-SEA CABLE Sub-sea cable is a composite cable made up of Power cable & Optical Fiber cable. Power conductor Optical Fiber

49. Sub-sea cable laying ship Sub-sea cable drum Sub-sea cable

50. J Tube for Sub-sea Cable Entry to Platform from sea surface J Tube J Tube Sub-sea Cable

51. Hang-off Clamp (Cable Termination Kit) Power cable & OFC Separated Sub-Sea Cable JB

52. Sub-Sea Cable JB inside view Fiber Optic Cable JB Fiber Optic Cable JB

53. LIGHT FIXTURE MATERIAL:- FRP, SS316, COPPER FREE ALUMINIUM LAYOUT:- 1) ADD LIGHT FIXTURE AT ALL SIDE ON HANDRAIL. (AS EXIT ROUTE/WALKWAY IS ALONG SIDE) 2) AS PER LIGHTING CALULATION REPORT, ADD FLOOD LIGHT OR FLOURESCENT FIXTURE ON THE PLATFORM.

54. TRANSFORMER IN DOOR INSTALLATION OUTDOOR INSTALLATION INSTALLATION LAYOUT:- 1) FOR INDOOR INSTALLATION, FIREWALL OR OIL SOAK PIT GENERALLY NOT PREFERRED DUE TO SPACE CONSTRAINT. 2) FOR OUTDOOR INSTALLATION, FIREWALL (CARBON-STEEL PLATE) OR OIL SOAK PIT (CONNECTED TO OPEN DRAIN TANK) ARE PROVIDED.

55. DG SET INDOOR INSTALLATION OUTOOR INSTALLATION INSTALLATION LAYOUT:- 1) INDOOR INSTALLATION ONLY ON PROCESS PLATFORM. (ELECTRICAL LOAD IS VERY HIGH) (OIL/GAS FUEL IS TAKEN FROM PROCESS PLATFORM) 2) OUTDOOR INSTALLATION ONLY ON WELLHEAD PLATFORM. (IN SS316 ENCLOSURE & ON UPPER DECK.) (OIL FUEL IS STORED IN TANK & SUPPLIED FROM OUTSIDE)

56. DG SET OUTDOOR INSTALLATION SIDE VIEW OUTDOOR INSTALLATION BACK-SIDE VIEW GENERATOR CONTROL PANEL

57. EARTHING COMMON EARTH CABLE : Common Earth grid or cable connected to Platform leg diagonally and run through out the platform on cable tray.

58. EARTHING LOCALISED EARTHING : Earthing terminals directly connected to deckplate or deckplate welded support.

59. EARTHING EARTH BOSS EARTH STUD (HILTI)

60. EARTHING CABLE ARMOURED EARTHING USING COPPER SPRING ROLL, FOR CABLE DO NOT HAVING GLAND PLATE AND DIRECT ENTERING THE PANEL THROUGH MCT

61. JUNCTION BOX FRP JB SS316 JB MATERIAL: - FRP JB, SS316 JB, COPPER FREE ALUMINIUM

62. CABLE TRAY MATERIAL: - FRP, COPPER FREE ALUMINIUM, SS316 INSTALLATION LAYOUT:- 1) CABLE TRAY SHALL BE ROUTED BELOW DECK-FLOOR & ALONG SIDE OF PLATFORM . 2) 150 MM SS CABLE TRAY ROUTED OUTSIDE THE PLATFORM FOR LIGHTING CABLE. 3) SMALL CABLE TRAY FOR INSTRUMENT TUBING & INSTRUMENT CABLE IS NOT SHOWN ON THE DRAWING. THESE SMALL CABLE TRAY ARE ROUTED & INSTALLED AS PER SITE REQUIREMENT. (NO AS-BUILT DRAWING ) MODULAR CABLE TRAY SUPPORT

63. INTRUEMENT SUPPORT

64. TELECOM V-SAT SYSTEM FOR COMMUNICATION CCTV SYSTEM

65. TELEPHONE BOOTH OPERATOR CONSOLE FOR UHF & VHF RADIO, HOTLINE & PAGA HANDSET. UHF & VHF RADIO HANDSET ALSO PRESENT IN LIFEBOAT & CRANE CABIN

66. UHF & VHF RADIO E-PIRB (emergency position-indicating radio beacons)

67. PAGA SYSTEM SPEAKER HAND -STATION

68. NAV-AID LANTERN I t is used for navigation purpose in the sea for ships. These lantern have battery back-up & are installed at 4 corner of platform at Lower Deck. Also installed on link bridge if any.

69. NDB SYSTEM An NDB or Non-Directional Beacon is a low frequency radio transmitter used as an instrument approach for airports and offshore platforms. Platform has a Transmitter unit which transmit signals at fixed frequency and Helicopter has a Detector unit which detects these signals & guide for the exact location of the platform.

70. METEROLOGICAL SYSTEM WIND SPEED SENSOR TEMPERATURE SENSOR HUMIDITY SENSOR SEA-BED TEMPERATURE SENSOR FOG DETECTOR & FOG-HORN SYSTEM TIDE GUAGE

71. GALVANIC CORROSION When different types of metal are comes in contact, then Galvanic Corrosion started. To avoid metal to metal direct contact Phinolic sheet OR FRP sheet ETC. SS316 FITTING CARBON –STEEL SUPPORT

72. INSTRUMENTATION The control system will be located in a centralised Control Room, or on another platform, connected via Optical fiber or Radio communication. DISTRIBUTED CONTROL SYSTEM (DCS) EMERGENCY SHUTDOWN SYSTEM (ESD) FIRE & GAS MONITORING SYSTEM REMOTE TERMINAL UNIT & SCADA