Ointments

ointment

1. Ointment Presented by Amit kumar das ID: 20131107025 Dept of ACCE, BSMRSTU.

2. OINTMENTS Ointments are semisolid preparations intended for external application to the skin or mucous membranes. Ingredient : drug substance +bases+ adjuvants

3. Classification of OinTments According to their therapeutic properties based on penetration According to their therapeutic uses Epidermic ointments Endodermic ointments Diadermic ointments Antibiotic ointments Antifungal ointments Anti-inflammatory ointments Anti pruritic ointment Astringent ointments Antieczematous ointments Kcratolytic ointments Counter irritant ointments Oinments used for dandruff Treatment Oinment for psoriasis treatment Parasiticide ointments Protectant ointments

4. The ointment base is the substance or part of an ointment, which serves as carrier or vehicle for the medicament It should be inert , odourless , and smooth It should be physically and chemically stable It should be compatible with the skin and with incorporated medicaments It should not retard healing of the wound. It should not produce irritation Properties of ointment bases: OinTment bases

5. Classification of Ointment bases Oleaginous Bases : These bases consists of water insoluble,hydrocarbons , vegetable Oils, animal fats and waxes. Absorption bases : These bases are generally anhydrous substances which absorb water. Emulsion Bases : These bases are semisolid Water soluble Bases: These bases are anhydrous, water soluble, absorb water and water washable. Constituents of hydrocarbon bases are : Petrolatum , Hard parafin ,Liquid parafin . Non- emulsified bases e.g. Wool fat, wool alcohol, beeswax , and cholesterol. Water in oil emulsion e.g. hydrous wool fat E.g. Cold cream, Hydrous lanoline , Rose water ointment etc e.g. Polyethylene glycol polymer ( carbowaxes )

6. Selection of an ideal base for ointment Dermatological factors Pharmaceutical factors I. l Absorption and penetration Effect on skin function Miscibility with skin secretions and scrum Compatibility with skin secretions Freedom from irritant effect Emollient properties Easy of application and removal Stability Solvent properties Emulsifying properties Consistency

7. Preparation of ointments The ointment can be prepared by following methods :- Trituration method Fusion methods Chemical reaction method Emulsification method It is the most commonly used methods for the preparation of ointments. The method is used when the base is soft and medicament is insoluble in the base . When an ointment base contains a number of solid ingredients of different melting points then Fusion method is necessary to melt them . Certain chemical reactions are involved in the preparation of several ointments. E.g. iodine ointment In this methods , the fats, oils and waxes are melted together on a water bath at a Temp. of 70 ° C.

8. Cream : These are viscous semi- solid emulsions which are meant for external use. They usually contain a water soluble base. Pastes : Pastes are semi-solid preparations intended for external application to the skin. The pastes are generally very thick and stiff.

9. Differentiation between pastes and Ointments They contain large amount of finely powdered solids such as starch , zinc oxide , calcium carbonate etc 1. They contain medicaments which are generally dissolved suspended emulsified in the base 2. They are very thick and stiff 2. They are soft semisolid preparations 3. They are less greasy 3. They are more greasy They are generally applied with a spread on lint. 4. They are simply applied on the skin They form a protective coating to the area where it is applied. 5. They used for the protective of lesions Pastes Ointments

10. Any question ??

11. Thank you