Olfaction and pathway

pathway of olfaction and its pathology

1. OLFACTION AND ITS PATHWAY Dr.R.Ram Shankar M.S.Post graduate Student UIORL,MMC&RGGGH,Chennai

2. OLFACTORY SYSTEM ADD QUALITY OF LIFE PERCEPTION OF ODOUR DEPEND ON ANATOMICAL STATE OF NASAL EPITHELIUM STATUS OF PERIPHERAL AND CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM FOR OLFACTION CRANIAL NERVES 1,5,9,10 ARE INVOLVED

3. ODORANT SUBSTANCES REACH OLFACTORY CLEFT BY DIFFUSION ORTHONASAL FLOW RETRONASAL FLOW

4. AMOUNT OF AIR FLOW 50% AIR FLOW THROUGH MIDDLE MEATUS 35% AIR FLOW THROUGH INFERIOR MEATUS 15% AIRFLOW THROUGH OLFACTORY CLEFT

5. MUCOSAL LAYER OF OLFACTORY EPITHELIUM PRODUCED BY BOWMAN’S GLANDS DEEP IN LAMINA PROPRIA AND RESPIRATORY GOBLET CELLS NECESSARY FOR CONCENTRATION OF ODORANT SUBSTANCES FOR SUBSTANCE TO PRODUCE ODOUR IT MUST BE LIPID SOLUBLE AND VOLATILE

6. OLFACTORY EPITHELIUM LOCATION-POSTEROSUPERIOR PART OF NOSE AREA OF OLFACTORY EPITHELIUM-5 SQ.CM PSEUDOSTRATIFIED COLUMNAR EPITHELIUM 4 TYPES OF CELLS-CILIATED OLFACTORY RECEPTOR,MICROVILLI CELLS,SUSTENTACULAR CELLS,BASAL CELLS

7. BASAL CELLS HORIZONTAL BASAL CELL GLOBOSE BASAL CELL-STEM CELL

8. OLFACTORY PATHWAY CILIATED OLFACTORY RECEPTOR AXONS CONDENSE TO FORM OLFACTORY NERVE10-15 FORAMINA IN CRIBRIFORM PLATE OF ETHMOID CONVERGE ON MITRAL CELLS OF GLOMERULI IN OLFACTORY BULBOLFACTORY TRACT PASS CROSSING OPTIC NERVEAND OPTIC CHIASMA END IN PYRIFORM CORTEX . .

9. OLFACTORY CORTEX PRIMARY OLFACTORY CORTEX SECONDARY OLFACTORY CORTEX TERTIARY OLFACTORY CORTEX

10. VOMERONASAL ORGAN OF JACOBSON GROOVE IN ANTEROINFERIOR PART OF NASAL SEPTUM PHERMONES DO NOT DISTURB UNLESS NECESSARY IN SEPTAL SURGERY

11. ODOUR TRANSDUCTION AND PROCESSING

12. RECOGNITION AND DISCRIMINATION OF ODOURS ODOUR MAPS HUMANS HAVE RECEPTOR GLOMERULUS RATIO OF 1:16

13. IDENTIFICATION TEST PHENYL ETHYL ALCOHOL PYRIDINE 1-BUTANOL

14. TESTS 4 ODORANTS AT GIVEN CONCENTRATION 2 ALTERNATIVE FORCED CHOICE PROCEDURE SCREENING TEST USING ALCOHOL PAD

15. ELECTROPHYSIOLOGICAL TESTS ELECTROOLFACTOGRAM BRAIN EVOKED POTENTIALS *EXCITATION OF TRIGEMINAL NERVE *EXCITATION OF OLFACTORY NERVE CONTINGENT NEGATIVE VARIATION

16. UPSIT UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA SMELL IDENTIFICATION TEST MOST WIDELY USED 40 POINT CARD TEST 6 CATEGORIES

17. CLINICAL CONDITIONS ANOSMIA HYPOSMIA PAROSMIA PHANTOSMIA HYPEROSMIA HETEROSMIA PRESBYOSMIA OSMOPHOBIA OLFACTORY AGNOSIA

18. DISEASES AFFECTING OLFACTION

19. OBSTRUCTIVE NASAL AND SINUS DISEASE MEDIAL AND ANTERIOR TO LOWER PART OF MIDDLE TURBINATE 1-2 WEEKS OF STEROIDS

20. AFTER URI LAST FOR 1-3 DAYS DECREASED NUMBER OF OLFACTORY RECEPTORS

21. HEAD TRAUMA 5-10% ANOSMIA COMMON ONSET IMMEDIATE MC IN FRONTAL BLOWS

22. AGE INCREASED AGE CAUSE DECREASE IN MITRAL CELLS OF OLFACTORY BULB

23. CONGENITAL RECOGNISE NEARING AGE OF 8 KALLMAN SYNDROME

24. TOXINS FORMALINE POLLUTANTS CONDITION IS PROGRESSIVE

25. NEOPLASMS INTRANASAL TUMOURS INTRACRANIAL TUMOURS

26. MEDICATIONS METRO CLORFIBRATE CPM AMPHOTERICIN B AMPI,TETRACYCLINE, STREPTOMYCIN DOXORUBICIN,AZA PTU,CARBIMAZOLE ALLOPURINOL CAPTOPRIL GLIPIZIDE COEDINE MORPHINE CARBAMAZEPINE, LITHIUM,PHENYTOIN

27. HIV EPILEPSY PSYCHAITRIC DISTURBANCES

28. SURGERIES NOW RARE DUE TO FESS MORE COMMON IN CRANIAL AND SKULL BASE SX LESS WITH ENDOSCOPIC PITUITARY SX

29. MANAGEMENT TREAT THE CAUSE MEDICATIONS TRIED-STEROIDS VITAMIN A

30. THANK YOU