OMF810003 GSM Power Control ISSUE2.01 EMERSON EDUARDO RODRIGUES.ppt

EMERSON EDUARDO RODRIGUES

EMERSON EDUARDO RODRIGUES


EMERSON EDUARDO RODRIGUES

EMERSON EDUARDO RODRIGUES
EMERSON EDUARDO RODRIGUES

EMERSON EDUARDO RODRIGUES
EMERSON EDUARDO RODRIGUES

EMERSON EDUARDO RODRIGUES

EMERSON EDUARDO RODRIGUES

EMERSON EDUARDO RODRIGUES
EMERSON EDUARDO RODRIGUES

EMERSON EDUARDO RODRIGUES

1. www.huawei.com
Copyright © 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
GSM Power
Control

2. Page3Copyright © 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Contents
1.Power Control Overview
2.HWⅡPower Control
3.HWⅢPower Control

3. Page4Copyright © 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Power Control Overview

Power control

Adjust the transmitting power of BTS and MS when
needed.

Based on measurement reports of BTS and MS

Purpose

Save the power of BTS and MS

Reduce the interference of the network

Increase the quality of the network

4. Page5Copyright © 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Power Control Overview

Power control includes uplink power control and downlink
power control, Which are performed independently

Uplink power control: Adjust TX power of MS to let BTS receive
stable signal, reduce the uplink co-channel and adjacent
channel interference, reduce power consumption of MS

Downlink power control: Adjust BTS TX power to let MS receive
stable signal, reduce the downlink co-channel and adjacent
channel interference, reduce power consumption of BTS

5. Page6Copyright © 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Power Control Overview

Up link and Down link power
control can be enabled
independently

6. Page7Copyright © 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Power Control Overview

Process of power control commands

It takes 3 measurement report periods(480ms/period) from
command sending to getting the feedback.
SA0 SA1SA0 SA0SA1SA1 SA2SA2SA2 SA3SA3SA3
BTS sends the command for power
control and TA in SACCH header.
MS obtains SACCH
block
MS begins to send the
measurement report of the
last multi-frame.
In the 26 multi-frames,
frame 12 sends
SACCH.
BTS receives the
measurement report
SACCCH report period:
26X4=104 frames (480ms)
MS adopts the new
power level and TA
MS begins to set up a new SACCH header
to report the new TA and power control
message.

7. Page8Copyright © 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Data Configuration of Power Control
Period

8. Page9Copyright © 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Power Control Overview

Power control judgment

Power control judgment is controlled by BTS measurement
report pre-processing item which can be selected in
handover control data table

MR. Pre-process (measurement report pre-processing): This
switch decide where power control be processed. If
measurement report pre-processing is “yes”, power control
is processed in BTS, and when setting it “no”, power control
is processed in BSC

9. Page10Copyright © 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Data Configuration of MR
Preprocessing(1)

10. Page11Copyright © 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Data Configuration of MR
Preprocessing(1)

11. Page12Copyright © 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Contents
1.Power Control Overview
2.HWⅡ Power Control
3.HWⅢPower Control

12. Page13Copyright © 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
HW II Power Control

Power control judgment process
The power control
demand according to
receiving level
General power control
judgment
Send the power control
command
The power control
demand according to
receiving quality
MR. preprocessing

13. Page14Copyright © 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
HW II Power Control

Original data of power control -- Measurement Report(MR)
Network
Downlink MRDownlink MR
Uplink MRUplink MR
BTS

14. Page15Copyright © 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
HW II Power Control

Measurement report
Uplink Uplink
measurement measurement
reportreport
Downlink Downlink
measurement measurement
reportreport

15. Page16Copyright © 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

MR. preprocessing in HW II PC algorithm consists of four
steps

Interpolation

Compensation (optional)

Prediction (optional)

Filter
HW II Power Control

16. Page17Copyright © 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
HW II Power Control

MR Interpolation – recover the lost measurement report

BTS may fail to receive the MR from MS, and it needs to
recover the lost measurement reports. If the lost MR
amount is within the allowed range (Allowed MR Number
Lost), then recovers the lost MR according to the specific
algorithm.

Service cell: linear algorithm

Neighboring cell: the lowest value defined in GSM specification
(-110dBm)

17. Page18Copyright © 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
HW II Power Control
MR
MR
No. n
No. n+4
Continuous MR Flow
MR
MR
MR
Missing by
some reasons
…
…

MR Interpolation – recover the lost measurement report

18. Page19Copyright © 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Data Configuration of MR
Preprocessing

19. Page20Copyright © 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
HW II Power Control

MR. compensation

Purpose: Ensure the accuracy of selection of the history
measurement report before filter.

Implementation steps:

1. Put the current receiving measurement report into the measurement
report compensation queue.

2. Record the changed information of the transmitting power according
to the MS and BTS power levels in the measurement report.

3. After finish the measurement report interpolation, system will
compensate the receiving level of the history measurement report
according to the power change information. The compensated
measurement reports will be the original data in the filter process.

4. Filter the compensated measurement reports.

20. Page21Copyright © 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
HW II Power Control

MR. compensation
The expected receiving signal level: 30
The power control will be more effective with measurement report compensation.
X axis
123456789
1
0
1
1
1
2
1
3
1
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1
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1
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1
9
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0
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0
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0
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9
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0
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Y

a
x
i
s
Power control diagram when there is
measurement report compensation
Diagram when there is no power control
Power control diagram when there is no
measurement report compensation

Power control effect diagram of measurement report compensation

21. Page22Copyright © 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Data Configuration of MR.
Compensation

22. Page23Copyright © 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
HW II Power Control

MR. prediction

Purpose: Avoid power control later than needed, the delay is
dangerous in case of poor level or bad quality

Implementation procedure
1.Analyze the tendency of MR by the historical measurement
reports after interpolation.
2.Guide by the tendency, to predict the values of measurement
report to be received. There are 0~3 measurement reports
prediction, which are configured on LMT.
3.Filter the interpolated, compensated and predicted
measurement reports, and implement power control judgment.

23. Page24Copyright © 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
HW II Power Control

MR. prediction
123456789
1
0
1
1
1
2
1
3
1
4
1
5
1
6
1
7
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1
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0
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9
5
0
X axis
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
Y

a
x
i
s
No power control
Mean filter power
control
Prediction filter power
control
Diagram of power control effect comparison between prediction filter and mean filter
The expected receiving signal level: 30
The power control with prediction filter will be more effective than that with
mean filter

24. Page25Copyright © 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Data Configuration of MR. Prediction

25. Page26Copyright © 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
HW II Power Control

MR. filter – Smooth the instantaneous fading point

Calculate the average value within the filter window
MR
MR
Continuous MR Flow
MR
MR
MR
…
…
Filter----Average several co
nsecutive MRs
MR

26. Page27Copyright © 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Data Configuration of MR. filter

27. Page28Copyright © 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
HW II Power Control Judgment

Power control demand based on receiving level.

After measurement report pre-processing, the power control
module makes a comparison between the expected signal
level and the current receiving signal level.

Calculate the transmitting power level step size to be
adjusted, making the receiving level value closer to the
expected value.

Adopt variable step size when decreasing the transmitting
power according to the receiving level, so as to achieve the
expected level as soon as possible.

28. Page29Copyright © 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
HW II Power Control Judgment

Power control demand based on receiving quality

After measurement report pre-processing, the power
control module makes comparison between the expected
quality level and the current receiving quality level.

Calculate the step size of the transmitting power level to be
adjusted: increase the transmitting power in case of poor
receiving quality, and decrease the transmitting power in
case of good receiving quality.

Adopt fixed step size when adjust the transmitting power
according to the receiving quality.

29. Page30Copyright © 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
HW II Power Control Judgment

General power control judgment

Power control by receiving
level
Power control by receiving
quality
Power control by signal level and
quality
↓ AdjStep_Lev ↓ AdjStep_Qul ↓ max(AdjStep_Lev,AdjStep_Qul)
↓ AdjStep_Lev ↑ AdjStep_Qul No action
↓ AdjStep_Lev No action ↓ AdjStep_Lev
↑AdjStep_Lev ↓ AdjStep_Qul ↑AdjStep_Lev
↑AdjStep_Lev ↑ AdjStep_Qul ↑ max(AdjStep_Lev,AdjStep_Qul)
↑AdjStep_Lev No action ↑AdjStep_Lev
No action ↓ AdjStep_Qul ↓ AdjStep_A
No action ↑ AdjStep_Qul ↑ AdjStep_B
No action No action No action

30. Page31Copyright © 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
HW II Power Control Feature

Adaptive power control:

Adaptive power control refers to changeable power control
strategy according to the communication environment, it makes
power control more effective and stable.

Automatically change the adjustable maximum step size of power
control according to different communication environment
(different receiving quality).

Adopt different power control strategies according to different
communication environments (different receiving quality and level).

Max. step is different between increase and decrease.

31. Page32Copyright © 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
HW II Power Control Feature

Power control within the upper/lower thresholds

Power control will not execute if the signal level and
quality is within the threshold bands.

Avoid the signal level fluctuation caused by power
control.

The upper threshold can be increased dynamically in
case of bad quality.

32. Page33Copyright © 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Data Configuration for UL Rx_Lev Upp
er/Lower Threshold

33. Page34Copyright © 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Data Configuration for UL
Upper/Lower Quality Threshold

34. Page35Copyright © 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Data Configuration for DL Rx_Lev Upp
er/Lower Threshold

35. Page36Copyright © 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Data Configuration for DL
Upper/Lower Quality Threshold

36. Page37Copyright © 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Data Configuration of Power Control (R
x_Lev)

37. Page38Copyright © 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Data Configuration of Power Control (R
x_Lev)

38. Page39Copyright © 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Data Configuration of Power Control (R
x_Lev)

39. Page40Copyright © 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Data Configuration for UL/DL Bad
Quality

40. Page41Copyright © 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
HW II Power Control Advantages

Measurement report compensation – to makes power
control judgment more accurate

Measurement report prediction --to avoid power control
later than needed, the delay is dangerous in case of poor
level or bad quality

Power control expected signal level and quality threshold
falls within a band, this avoids receiving signal level
fluctuate up and down frequently

41. Page42Copyright © 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Exercise

Exercises for HW II power control

Given conditions:

The uplink receiving level is -55dBm, the quality is level 0. Power control
algorithm is HW II.

Data configuration is as follows: Uplink signal level upper threshold: -60dBm,
uplink signal level lower threshold: - 80dBm. Uplink signal upper quality
threshold: level 1. Uplink signal lower quality threshold: level 2. The downward
adjustable step size of quality band 0 is 16dB, of quality band 1 is 8dB, and of
quality 2 is 4 dB. The upward adjustable step size of receiving level is 16dB. The
upward or downward adjustable step size for power control by quality are both
4dB.

Question: What will be the uplink stable receiving level after power
control?

42. Page43Copyright © 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Exercise

Exercises for HW II power control

Answer.

First, transmitting power to be reduced according to receiving level = actua
l receiving level -(uplink signal level upper threshold + uplink signal level lo
wer threshold)/2 ＝-55- (-60 + (-80))/2＝(-55)-(-70)＝15dB. As the receiv
ing quality is level 0, downward adjustable step size of quality band 0 can b
e used -- decrease 16dB.

Second, the transmitting power to be decreased according to receiving qua
lity = as “power control adjustment step size by quality” is 4dB, thus decrea
se 4dB.

Therefore, according to the general judgement on power control, 15dB sho
uld be decreased.

43. Page44Copyright © 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Exercise

Exercises for HW II power control

Answer .

After the implementation of step 1 power control, the receiving
level becomes: -55dBm-15dB= -70dBm, Suppose the quality
reach already in level 1 here.

First: the receiving level value is between -80dBm~-60dBm,
needn’t adjust.

Second: the receiving quality value is between 0 and 2, needn’t
adjust.

Therefore, the uplink stable receiving level =-70dBm.

44. Page45Copyright © 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Content
1.Power Control Overview
2.HWⅡPower Control
3.HWⅢPower Control

45. Page46Copyright © 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
HW III Power Control Flow
Number of lost MR. > N?
Yes
Stop PC, waiting
the next MR.
Rx_lev&(Qual.+FH gain)
are within expected window?
No
Calculate the power
control step for BTS and
MS
No
Exponent Filter
Slide Window Filter
MR. Interpolation
Initial MR. process
Power control
implement
Yes
No Power
Control
MR.
Preprocessing

46. Page47Copyright © 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

For the measurement report preprocessing, there are three
differences between HW II and HW III power control：

Initial discarded MR. number

Interpolation method

Filter calculation
Measurement Report Preprocessing

47. Page48Copyright © 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Measurement Report Preprocessing

Initial discarded MR. number

Avoiding the access period measurement report influence power co
ntrol accuracy, system discards some initial measurement report.

HW II: discard 4 initial MR. fixedly.

HW III: set it via Signal/Traffic Channel Discard MR. Number.

MR. interpolation method

Rx_lev: If Rx_lev(k) is lost, recover it as Rx_lev(k-1).

Rx_qual: If Rx_qual is lost, recover it as quality lever 7.

48. Page49Copyright © 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Data Configuration of Initial
Discarded MR. Number

49. Page50Copyright © 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Measurement Report Preprocessing

MR. filter calculation

Quality filter

Quality class value will be converted to BER and set up the
correspondence relationship with CIR as below table.

Calculate the average CIR according to the selected filter
method.
Quality Class 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
CIR (dB) 2218161412 9 6 4

50. Page51Copyright © 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Measurement Report Preprocessing

MR. filter calculation

filter algorithm: exponent filter and slide window filter

Exponent filter
–ca_filtered1 (1)=ca(1) k=1
–ca_filtered1 (k)=a*ca(k)+(1-a)*ca_filtered1 (k-1) k>1
~ca: original receiving level or quality
~ca_filtered1: receiving level or quality after exponent filter calculation
~k: serial number of measurement report
~a: exponent filter coefficient, a=1 / (2^(w/2)), and w is exponent filter length

51. Page52Copyright © 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Measurement Report Preprocessing

Filter algorithm

Slide window filter

ca_filtered (1) = ca_filtered1 (1) k=1

ca_filtered (k) = [ca_filtered 1(1)+…+ca_filtered1 (k)] / k 1<k<w

ca_filtered (k) = [ca_filtered1 (k-w+1)+...+ca_filtered1 (k)] / w k>=w
–ca_filtered1: receiving level or quality after exponent filter
–ca_filtered: receiving level or quality after window filter
–k: serial number of measurement report
–w: slide filter window

52. Page53Copyright © 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Data Configuration of Filter(DL)

53. Page54Copyright © 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Data Configuration of Filter(UL)

54. Page55Copyright © 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Power Control Judgment

During HW III power control judgment, system will calculate
radio channel gain.

Suppose: In SACCH period k, useful signal is c(k), interference
is I(k), radio channel gain is g(k) and transmit power for BTS or
MS is p(k). The below formulas are calculated by logarithm:

10
)(_
10
kfilteredca

10
)(
10
kc
10
)(
10
kI
Rx_levRx_lev Useful signelUseful signelInterferenceInterference
C/IC/I qa_filtered(k) = c(k) – I(k) (2)
c(k) = p(k) – g(k) (3)
(1)

55. Page56Copyright © 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Power Control Judgment

Radio channel gain calculation:

According to (1) and (2), we can get c(k)

Input c(k) to (3), get g(k) = p(k) – c(k). So calculate the g(k)
for BTS and MS
)101lg(10)(_)(_)(
10
)(_ kfilteredqa
kfilterqakfiltercakc 

56. Page57Copyright © 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Power Control Judgment

BTS power control step calculation:
step(k) = - ( sfactor*( BsTxMaxPower - g(k) - SThr)
+ qfactor*( qa_filtered(k) + QOffFh - QThr) );
SThr = (SThrUp + SThrDown) / 2; Physical meaning is received useful signal.
QThr = (QThrUp + QThrDown) / 2; Physical meaning is received CIR without hopping.
If step(k) >0, so step(k) =0;
Notes:
sfactor：【HWIII DL RexLev Adjust Factor】
qfactor：【HWIII DL Rex Qual. Adjust Factor】
BsTxMaxPower：the maximum power level of occupied carrier
SThr：the mean level of expected receiving level window
QThr：the mean level of expected receiving quality window
QOffFh：frequency hopping gain

57. Page58Copyright © 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Power Control Judgment

MS power control step calculation:
step(k) = - ( sfactor*( MsTxMaxPower - g(k) - SThr)
+ qfactor*( qa_filtered(k) + QOffFh - QThr) );
SThr = (SThrUp + SThrDown) / 2;
QThr = (QThrUp + QThrDown) / 2;
If step(k) >0，then step(k) =0;

58. Page59Copyright © 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Data Configuration of Power Control
Judgment

59. Page60Copyright © 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Data Configuration of Power Control
Judgment

60. Page61Copyright © 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Data Configuration of Power Control
Judgment

61. Page62Copyright © 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Data Configuration of Power Control
Judgment

62. Page63Copyright © 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Data Configuration of Power Control
Judgment

63. Page64Copyright © 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Data Configuration of Power Control
Adjust Factor

64. Page65Copyright © 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Power Control Judgment

Adjustment protection

For avoiding too rapid adjustment, parameter [HWIII DL/UL MA
X DownStep/UpStep] is used to control the maximum power co
ntrol step.

If the difference between power control step(k) and previous o
ne step(k-1) is bigger than maximum power control step config
ured above, just take the maximum power control step as the d
ifference between them, so as to limit the current power control
command step(k).

65. Page66Copyright © 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Data Configuration of Power Control
Step

66. Page67Copyright © 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Power Control Judgment

If Rx_lev upper threshold >= Rx_Lev >= Rx_lev lower threshold
and Rx_qual upper threshold >= [RxQual + QOffFh] >= Rx_qual l
ower threshold, step(k)=step(k-1)

QOffFh is depended on hopping gain table
Number of MA 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 >=8
QOffFh (dB) 0 2 3 4 4.34.75.05.3

67. Page68Copyright © 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
HW III Power Control Features

Exponent filter enhance the measurement report process speed.

In HW II PC, receive level and quality be considered independently
and then general power control judgment will be done. While in
HW III PC, the final result will be got from the general formula.

Difference quality threshold be set for the difference service, such
as AMR, FS and HS.

Hopping gain also be considered.

68. Page69Copyright © 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Given condition：

The current UL_Re_Level: -75dBm， UL_Re_Quality: 4(qa_filtered (k) =12)， R
adio channel gain(g(k)): 110dB, there are 7 hopping frequency, Max power output
of MS is 2W(33dBm)

HWIII is available，data configuration is as following:

【[HWIII UL RexLev Upper Threshold]】：30

【 HWIII UL RexLev Lower Threshold 】：20

【 HWIII DL FS Rex Qual. Upper Threshold(dB)] 】：22

【 HWIII UL FS Rex Qual. Lower Threshold(dB)] 】：16

【 HWIII UL RexLev Adjust Factor 】：4 【 HWIII UL Rex Qual.Adjust Factor 】：6

【 HWIII UL MAX DownStep(dB)】：8 【 HWIII UL MAX UpStep(dB)】：8

Question： What will be the power output of MS after power control？
Quality Class0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
CIR (dB) 22181614129 6 4
Number of MA 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
QOffFh (dB) 0 2 3 4 4.34.75.05.3
Question

69. Page70Copyright © 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Answer:
step(k) = - ( sfactor×( MsTxMaxPower - g(k) - SThr)
＋ qfactor×( qa_filtered(k) + QOffFh - QThr) )
After power control：
Power output of MS: 33-2=31dBm
Suppose the current g(k)=115dB, current quality:3(CIR=14dB)，then
For level：-90dBm<31-115<-80dBm
For quality：16<14+5<22
So power control stops， the power output of MS 33-2=31dBm
dB2
)}
2
1622
512(6.0)]}110
2
2030
(11033[4.0{{





Question

70. Page71Copyright © 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Summary

In this course, we have learned:

Power control procedure

HW II power control algorithm

HW III power control algorithm

Data Configuration of HWII and HWIII

71. Thank you
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