online training HIV_AIDS_Chapter1_Presentation.pptx

INTRODUCTION TO hiv GUIDELINE 2022

1. HIV prevention ,care and treatment training Dr.NEBIYAT M. (MD)

2. Overview of HIV/AIDS Situation in Ethiopia

3. Objective By the end of this chapter, participants will be able to: Describe the global and national magnitude and trends of HIV epidemic. Explain the national response for HIV/AIDS including policy and strategic directions. Describe the current status of the Ethiopian ART program.

4. Chapter outline: Introduction Epidemiology of HIV/AIDS The national response to HIV/AIDS Epidemic ART program in Ethiopia

5. Introduction The HIV epidemic in Ethiopia began in the late 1970s or early 1980s. The first confirmed cases were detected in 1984, and hospitalized AIDS cases were reported in 1986.

6. Epidemiology of HIV/AIDS (Global) According to UNAIDS In 2021, 38.4 million people globally were living with HIV . Out of this, 36.7 million were adults and 1.7 million were children (0–14 years). New infections have declined by 54% since 1996. AIDS-related deaths have reduced by 64% since the peak in 2004.

7. Epidemiology of HIV/AIDS (Sub-Saharan Africa) Eastern and Southern Africa are the most severely affected regions. In 2021, an estimated 20.6 million people were living with HIV in these regions . Which is 55% of the global total 45% of global new infections and AIDS-related mortality occur here.

8. Epidemiology of HIV/AIDS (National) National adult (15-49) HIV prevalence is 0.91% (2022). Prevalence among women is 1.0% compared to 0.6% among men. Wide regional variations exist, with the highest in Gambella (3.7%) and Addis Ababa (3.2%).

9. HIV Incidence and Mortality in Ethiopia In 2022, the national HIV incidence rate was 0.08%. There were an estimated 11,000 annual deaths and 8,300 new infections. 67% of new infections occurred in the age group below 30 years.

10. As of 2022, 84% of estimated PLHIVs who know their status, 98% of them were on ART while 91% those on ART were virally suppressed.

11. Urban vs Rural Trends Urban areas have consistently higher HIV prevalence than rural areas. Prevalence in urban areas declined from 7.9% in 2004 to 2.9% in 2018. Rural prevalence stabilized at 0.4% from 2012 to 2018.

12. National Response to HIV/AIDS A taskforce was established in 1985, upgraded to a department level in 1987. The National AIDS Policy was issued in 1998, followed by a strategic framework in 1999.

13. Achievements in National Response Significant reduction in AIDS mortality from 26,273 in 2010 to 11,439 in 2021. Decline in new HIV infections from 25,747 to 11,887 during the same period.

14. National Strategic Plan (2021-2025) Aims to reduce AIDS incidence and related deaths. Focuses on achieving 95-95-95 targets. Strengthens PMTCT and case finding through targeted HIV testing.

15. ART Program in Ethiopia Ethiopia introduced ART in 2003, with free ART services starting in 2005. ART service is now available in over 1,500 health facilities. Adult ART coverage reached 82% in 2021.