OOPS Characteristics

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2. Characteristics of OOPS Name @[email protected] www.facebook.com/ Abhishek H menon twitter.com/ Abhishek H Menon in.linkedin.com/in/ Abhishek H menon Phonenumber:9496519895

3. Object oriented programming is a programming paradigm that represents concepts as “objects” that have data fields and associated procedures known as methods. data fields :attributes that describe objects. methods : some procedures designed for a specific task.

4. Object which are usually instances of classes, are used to interact with one another to design applications and computer programs. An object is an instantiation of class. In terms of variables, a class would be a type, and an object would be a variable.

5. Class A class is an expanded concept of a data structure: instead of holding only data, it can hold both data and functions. e.g. class class_name { access_specifier_1: member_1; access_specifier_2: member_2; ……………….. }

6. Members of Class Private: private members are accessible only in the class itself. Public: public members are accessible outside the class(anywhere). Protected :protected members are accessible in the same package, and in the subclasses of the class and inside the class.

7. Characteristics of OOPS Data Encapsulation Inheritance Polymorphism Data Abstraction

8. Encapsulation It is the mechanism that binds the data & function in one form known as class. The data and function may be private or public . Encapsulation guarantees the integrity of the data contained in the object.

9. Object binds together in the form of a class.. Animal Dog Fish Mutt Bull Star Gold Cat

10. Inheritance Mechanism of deriving a new class from an already existing class. 5 levels of inheritance -Single level -Multilevel -Multiple -Hierarchical -Hybrid

11. Types of Inheritance Base Class Derived Class Single level Multi Level Flower Rose India World Rajastan Jaipur

12. Types of Inheritance Bird Pigeon Parrot Multiple Base Class Derived

13. Types of Inheritance Single leve l Class Base{ Data members and Functions;}; Class Derived : Public Base{ Data members and Functions ;}; Multiple Class A{}; Class B{}; Class C:Public A , Public B{};

14. Types of Inheritan ce Multi Level Class A{}; Class B: Public A{}; Class C :Public B{}; Class D: Public C{};

15. Hierarchica l Inheritance B D C A G H F E

16. Hybrid Inheritance Combination of the above types of inheritances. e.g. Hierarchical + Multiple Multi level + Multiple etc.

17. Polymorphism Poly means many. Morphism means forms. Polymorphism feature enables classes to provide different implementation of methods having the same name . Two types of Polymorphism Compile time (Overloading) Run time(Overriding)

18. Overloading Overloading In method overloading, a method is executed depending on the number and type of parameters passed to it . When we compile the class, the compiler binds the appropriate method to the object based on the method’s arguments. This is called early binding and this process is referred to as compile time polymorphism

19. Overriding You can have a method in subclass overrides the method in its super classes with the same name and signature. Java virtual machine determines the proper method to call at the runtime, not at the compile time.

20. Abstraction Abstraction is simplifying complex reality by modelling classes appropriate to the problem, and working at the most appropriate level of inheritance for a given aspect of the problem . It deals with the outside view of the object.

21. Abstraction Modifiers: If you want to access a particular variable , method or class from anywhere , then make that variable accessible by using public modifier. If you want to restrict a particular variable , method or class to be accessible outside the class , use private modifier.

22. Abstraction v/s Encapsulation class person { private String name; public void main() { System.out.println (""+name); } } Abstraction means giving useful information , Encapsulation means hiding unnecessary information.

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