Operations Management: A Historical Perspective

This presentation provides a journey through the evolution of operations management, exploring key milestones, influential figures, and pivotal concepts that shaped the field.

1. Operations Management: A Historical Perspective This presentation provides a journey through the evolution of operations management, exploring key milestones, influential figures, and pivotal concepts that shaped the field. by Dr. SASIDHARAN MURUGAN

2. Early Foundations: Craft Production & The Industrial Revolution Craft Production Early operations were primarily focused on individual craftsmanship, where artisans produced goods using their skills and knowledge. Industrial Revolution The Industrial Revolution brought mass production, factories, and new technologies, shifting operations towards efficiency and standardization.

3. Scientific Management: Frederick Taylor & Efficiency Taylorism Taylor's scientific management aimed to optimize work processes by breaking them down into standardized tasks and analyzing time and motion studies. Efficiency Focus This approach focused on achieving efficiency through specialization, time-and-motion studies, and scientific work design, leading to significant improvements in productivity.

4. The Human Relations Movement: Hawthorne Studies & Beyond 1 The Hawthorne Studies demonstrated the importance of social factors and employee motivation on productivity. 2 This shift in focus emphasized the role of social dynamics, employee morale, and leadership in the workplace, recognizing the human element in operations.

5. Development of Quantitative Techniques: OR & Management Science 1 Operations Research (OR) OR introduced mathematical models and statistical analysis to solve complex operational problems. 2 Management Science Management science expanded on OR, applying quantitative methods to decision-making, planning, and control in operations.

6. The Rise of Computer Technology & Automation Computerization The introduction of computers revolutionized operations by enabling faster calculations, data processing, and information management. Automation Automation further transformed operations by replacing manual tasks with automated systems, increasing efficiency and precision.

7. Focus on Quality: TQM, Six Sigma, and Lean Manufacturing Total Quality Management (TQM) TQM emphasizes continuous improvement, customer satisfaction, and a culture of quality throughout the organization. 1 Six Sigma Six Sigma focuses on reducing defects and variability through statistical analysis and process improvement methodologies. 2 Lean Manufacturing Lean manufacturing aims to eliminate waste, optimize processes, and maximize efficiency through value stream mapping and continuous improvement. 3

8. Supply Chain Management: Globalization & Outsourcing 1 Globalization Globalization has led to interconnected supply chains spanning multiple countries, increasing complexity and challenges. 2 Outsourcing Outsourcing has become common, with companies relying on external providers for various operations, including manufacturing, logistics, and customer service.

9. Sustainability & Ethical Considerations in OM 1 Environmental Sustainable practices, such as reducing waste, minimizing emissions, and conserving resources, are essential. 2 Social Ethical considerations include fair labor practices, worker safety, and responsible sourcing.

10. The Future of OM: AI, Big Data, and Industry 4.0 The future of operations management is shaped by emerging technologies, including AI, big data, and the concept of Industry 4.0, leading to automation, data-driven decision-making, and intelligent operations.