Orcales, Mejayacel - Frameworks and Paradigmssssssssssss.pptx

Research Frameworks

1. Research Frameworks and Paradigms Mejayacel N. Orcales Start Here

2. FRAMEWORKS

3. ASPECT THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK Definition A structured explanation of theories that form the basis for the study. A visual or written representation of key concepts in the study and their relationships. Purpose To provide an existing theory or set of theories to explain the phenomenon being studied. To illustrate how concepts in the study are related to each other, guiding the research. Focus Focuses on established theories or models that have been tested and validated. Focuses on the researcher’s synthesis of concepts from the literature to support the study. Origin Derived from well-established and tested theories. Created by the researcher based on the literature review or personal insights.

4. ASPECT THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK Application Used to explain why the research problem exists based on existing theories. Helps structure the study by defining the key variables and their expected relationships. Foundation Built on existing, often broader, academic theories. Based on specific concepts tailored to the research problem. Example Social Learning Theory, Cognitive Development Theory, etc. A diagram showing the relationship between variables like "Student Engagement" and "Academic Performance." Scope More general, applicable across many contexts. Specific to the study’s particular research question or problem. Level of Abstraction More abstract and general, explaining broad phenomena. More concrete, directly related to the research study’s focus. Use in Research Helps frame the hypothesis and theoretical background. Helps guide data collection and analysis, showing key variables.

5. provides a worldview or perspective on how researchers understand and interpret phenomena It represents the structure or organization of concepts and variables related to a particular study. RESEARCH PARADIGM THEORITICAL PARADIGM CONCEPTUAL PARADIGM Guide how research is conducted.

6. Key Theoretical Paradigms: Positivism: Overview: Belief in objective reality that can be understood through empirical observation and experimentation. It emphasizes the use of scientific methods and quantitative data. Example: Research in natural sciences often follows this paradigm, using controlled experiments to discover cause-and-effect relationships.

7. Interpretivism :   Overview: Assumes that reality is subjective and constructed through human interaction. It favors qualitative methods to understand meanings and experiences.   Example: A study exploring cultural differences in communication styles would use an interpretivist paradigm.

8. Constructivism:   Overview: Reality is co-constructed by individuals through social processes. Knowledge is seen as subjective, context-dependent, and evolving.   Example: Research into how students learn in different educational environments.

9. Critical Theory:   Overview: Seeks to challenge and change societal structures, often focusing on power dynamics, inequality, and social justice.   Example: Feminist studies, research into systemic racism, or inquiries into the effects of capitalism.

10. Pragmatism:   Overview: Focuses on practical consequences and real-world applications of research. Pragmatists choose methods based on what works best for the problem at hand.   Example: A mixed-method study combining surveys and interviews to improve healthcare delivery.  

11. Role of a Theoretical Paradigm:   Shapes research questions: The paradigm determines what questions are important and how they should be explored.   Guides methodology: Each paradigm tends to favor specific methodologies (e.g., positivism favors quantitative, interpretivism favors qualitative).   Informs data interpretation: Theoretical paradigms influence how researchers interpret data and findings, based on their underlying worldview.  

12. Elements of a Conceptual Paradigm:   Concepts: Key ideas or constructs that form the basis of the study.   Example: In a study on academic performance, concepts could include “motivation,” “study habits,” and “teacher support.”

13. Variables: The measurable aspects of the concepts (e.g., independent, dependent, moderator, mediator variables).   Example: "Motivation" could be measured by a survey scale, while "academic performance" might be measured through test scores.  

14. Relationships: A conceptual framework outlines how variables are expected to interact or influence each other.   Example: A framework might hypothesize that increased teacher support leads to improved study habits, which in turn leads to better academic performance.

15. Role of a Conceptual Paradigm:   Organizes the study: A conceptual framework provides a visual or logical representation of how the study will investigate relationships between variables.   Clarifies key concepts: It defines what concepts are being measured and how they are connected.   Supports hypotheses: A conceptual paradigm helps in formulating and testing hypotheses by establishing clear relationships between variables.     Example of a Conceptual Framework:   In a study examining the impact of social media use on mental health among teenagers, a conceptual framework could include:   Independent Variable: Social media usage (measured in hours per day).   Dependent Variable: Mental health outcomes (measured by anxiety and depression scores).   Moderator: Peer support (moderates the relationship between social media use and mental health).   Mediator: Sleep quality (explains how social media use affects mental health).  

16. Differences between Theoretical and Conceptual Paradigms:   Both theoretical and conceptual paradigms are essential in research. The theoretical paradigm sets the broad philosophical context , while the conceptual paradigm offers a detailed guide for how the specific study will be conducted . Together, they ensure that the research is grounded in theory and systematically organized.

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