orchid cultivation.pptx

Orchid cultivation in Sri Lanka

1. Orchid cultivation

2. INTRODUCTION Family- Orchidaceae Orchids are monocots They exhibit a wide range of diversity in form, size, color and texture of flowers beyond the imagination of human mind

3. There are three groups according to growth habitat Grown in soil Nearly all orchids grown in temperate zone Some tropical orchids Grown on rocks Prefer filtered light Modified aerial roots Eg - strap leaves vanda

4. There are two growth patterns of the stem Sympodial Monopodial 2. Monopodial Stem grows from a single bud Stem grows longer stem can reach several meters in produce aerial roots Do not have pseudo bulb Eg - Vanda, Phalaenopsis, Arachnis 1. Sympodial Apical bud grows horizontally Produce a series of adjacent shoots Have pseudo bulb Eg - dendrobium, cattleya, oncidium, cymbidium

5. Varieties of orchids Cattleya Dendrobium Oncidium Paphiopedilum Phalaenopsis Vanda Cymbidium Arachnis

6. 01. Cattleya

7. Requirements Temperature Day temperature is 21-24 ° c and night temperate not less than 15-18 ° c Light 50% shade

8. 02. Dendrobium There are three types of dendrobium Dendrobium Phalaenopsis Dendrobium cane Dendrobium intermediate

9. Dendrobium Phalaenopsis Dendrobium cane Dendrobium intermediate

10. Requirements Temperature Day temperature is 25-30 ° C and night temperate not less than 15 ° C Light Phalaenopsis type- 50% shade Cane type – Full sun Intermediate type – 50% shade

11. 03. Oncidium

12. Requirements Temperature Day temperature is 25-30 ° C Light 40- 50% shade

13. 05. Phalaenopsis

14. Requirements Temperature Day temperature is 25-30 ° C and night temperate not less than 13-15 ° C Light 60% shade

15. 06. Vanda There are three types of vanda Strap leaves vanda Terete leaves vanda Semi terete leaves vanda

16. Strap leaved vanda Semi terete leaves vanda Terete leaves vanda

17. Requirements Temperature Day temperature is 25- 30 ° C Light Strap leaves type- 40-50% shade Terete leaves type – Full sun Semi terete leaves type – Full sun

18. 07. Cymbidium

19. Requirements Temperature Day temperature is 21-24 ° C Night temperature should be 10 ° C for flowering

20. 08. Arachnis Requirements light full sun

21. Propagation of orchids Cuttings Divisions Pseudo bulbs Aerial shorts seeds Tissue culture

22. How to propagate orchid - Cutting Orchid like Phalaenopsis, vanda and Dendrobium can be propagated by cutting. Cut ends should treated with fungicides to prevent rotting. Most of the sympodial orchids like catteleya , Dendrobium and cymbidium are propagated through this method.

23. How to propagate orchid - Divisions Common method used for sympodial orchids Over grown plants are separated in to parts with 3-4 pseudo bulbs foreach divisions Treat with fungicide before planting

24. How to propagate orchid – Pseudo bulbs Leafless pseudo bulbs are separated and planted in a sand bed After 6 weeks produce roots and can be planted as a new plant

25. How to propagate orchid- off shoots and keikis Same monopodium orchids like Ascocenda , phalaennopis , keikis or off shoots emerge frequently on the main stem. Induction of keikis can also be induced through the use of cytokinins which force the dormant bud to develop into keikis .

26. How to propagate orchid- Aerial shoots Some old pseudo bulbs produced aerial suckers in sympodial plants They can be separated and planted

27. How to propagate orchid- seeds Seeds get artificial pollination Harvesting mature pods before spilt

28. How to propagate orchid- Tissue culture Tissue culture technique is highly successful to get virus free plants Production of exact copies of plants that produce particularly good flowers To quickly produce mature plants

29. Potting of orchids Growing media Broken bricks : charcoal – 1:1 Granite chips : coir dust – 3:1 Granite chips : leaf mold : coir dust – 1:1:1 Coconut husk use in seedling stage Growing Pots Porous clay pots Plastic pots Net pots Slatted wooden basket/ crates

30. Porous clay pot Plastic pots Net pot Slatted wooden basket/ crates

31. Pot sizes Dendrobium seedlings height 2 inches Diameter 1-2 inches Phalaenopsis Height 10 cm Diameter 15 cm Cane type Height 12-15 cm Diameter 20-22 cm Vanda Strap leaf vanda Semi terete leaf vanda Terete leaf vanda – Height 10 cm Diameter 15-17.5 cm Height 20cm Diameter 25 -30 cm

32. Oncidium Diameter 15 cm Cattleya Shallow clay pots & wooden crates

33. Cultural practices of orchids Shade Black nyloned netting 8 ft above plants Too high shade – Dark green leaves, no flowers Too low shade – yellowish leaves Good light – light green leaves Orchid house Keep plants higher from ground Tables – wire mesh, concrete beam Height of tables – 4.5ft- 5ft Potted plant- arranged closed on tables to give high RH

34. Irrigation Once a day thoroughly Dry season – twice a day Keep the surroundings constantly wet Avoid water stagnation near roots and between leaves Weed control Diuron - very low concentration Only on to weeds/ mosses

35. Fertilizer application Regular nutrient supply is necessary Only liquid fertilizer As a foliar applications or included with irrigation water

36. Harvesting 4-5 days after flower opening Harvesting stage dendrobium- 2/3 of inflorescence open and 1/3 unopen Vanda- with 2/3 unopened flowers Arachnis - all flowers open or with 1-2 cm open flower

37. Pests and diseases of orchid Pests Diseases Orchid yellow beetle Crown rot Shoot/stem borer Bacterial soft and brown rot Mites Bacterial brown spot Scales Root rot Mealy bugs Mosaic Virus Slugs and snails Cockroaches

38. Packing Pack in corrugated cardboard boxes Storage in 5-7 ° C