Orchitis in farm animals.pptx

Orchitis is one of the most common diseases in Bangladesh, and it caused huge economic losses at the producer's level. To prevent orchitis, routine check-up and monitoring is necessary.

1. Md. Rony Ibne Masud Faculty of Veterinary Science Bangladesh Agricultural University Orchitis in Farm Animals

2. Contents- Introduction Prevalence Etiology Clinical sign Consequences Diagnosis Treatment Prevention and control

3. Introduction Orchitis (or-KIE-tis) is an inflammation of one or both testicles Primarily by bacterial or viral infections Secondarily caused by Trauma, Testicular torsion, Scrotal hernia More commonly unilateral than bilateral May involve epididymis Hematogenous spread may occur

4. Prevalence Occurs all over the year More than 3 years of ages bulls are more susceptible Orchitis (9.77%) among 2646 clinical cases on cattle in Upazilla Veterinary Hospital , Chauhali, Sirajganj during the period from January to December 2014 Orchitis 0.5% in calves, 2.5% in steers and 2.0% in adults Mirpur khas abattoir , among 200 slaughtered animals sample (2008)

5. Etiology Brucella abortus Brucella canis Brucella melatensis Brucella suis Actinomyces pyogenes Streptococcus spp Staphylococcus spp E. coli Proteous Mycoplasma Trypanosoma evansi (Journal of Parasitic Disease-2019)

6. Clinical Sign Swelling in one or both testicles Pain ranging from mild to severe Fever Nausea and vomiting General feeling of unwellness (malaise)

7. Clinical Sign

8. Consequences Orchitis in one testicle Affect other testicle Thermal injury from inflammation Inflammation in tunica albuginea Pressure necrosis Thromboembosis of blood vessels Destruction of spermatogenic tissue Lose its ability to function normally

9. Diagnosis History Clinical sign Ultrasound examination- (Ultrasound with color Doppler can determine if the blood flow to testicles is lower than normal- indicating torsion- or higher than normal, which helps confirm the diagnosis of orchitis) Thermography STI Screen test- Organism culture

10. Treatment: Sexual rest Dressing with antiseptic solutions Application of ice packs or cold water (30 minutes 3 times daily) Systemic antibiotic therapy- Drug of choice: Trimethoprim-sulfonamide, Enrofloxacin, amoxicillin or norfloxacin Glucocorticoids Surgical removal of testicle N:B Medical treatment is not satisfactory to return the testes in normal functions

11. Research findings on Treatment 2002-Turkey Journal- 600 mg/day rifampicin plus 200 mg/day doxycycline for 6 weeks, recovered clinically within 3 week (Kadikoylu et. all 2002) The Journal of urology-2010- Orchiectomy followed by oral tetracycline for 6 weeks. Streptomycin also is given for 14 days intramuscularly C ombination of long-acting oxytetracycline and streptomycin gives good result (King, E. H, 2021) found swelling subsided in tasted bulls following treatment with oxytetracycline.

12. Moderate value males should be culled Surgical removal of one testicle allow other testicle to eventually compensate Brucella affected animals never be used for further AI

13. Prevention and control

14. Thank you