Organic chemistry functional groups

Organic chemistry involves the study of the structure, properties, composition, reactions, and preparation of carbon-containing compounds, which include not only hydrocarbons but also compounds with any number of other elements, including hydrogen (most compounds contain at least one carbon–hydrogen bond), nitrogen, oxygen, halogens, phosphorus, silicon, and sulfur.
This branch of chemistry was originally limited to compounds produced by living organisms but has been broadened to include human-made substances such as plastics. The range of application of organic compounds is enormous and also includes, but is not limited to, pharmaceuticals, petrochemicals, food, explosives, paints, and cosmetics.

1. Organic Chemistry Functional Groups Structures and Characteristics By Prof. Liwayway Memije -Cruz

2. Organic Chemistry The study of the structure, properties, composition, reactions, and preparation of carbon-containing compounds, which include not only hydrocarbons but also compounds with any number of other elements, including hydrogen (most compounds contain at least one carbon–hydrogen bond), nitrogen, oxygen, halogens, phosphorus, silicon, and sulfur. This branch of chemistry was originally limited to compounds produced by living organisms but has been broadened to include human-made substances such as plastics. The range of application of organic compounds is enormous and also includes, but is not limited to, pharmaceuticals, petrochemicals, food, explosives, paints, and cosmetics .

3. Functional Groups are specific group of atoms within molecules that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules. are attached to the carbon backbone of organic molecules. determine the characteristics and chemical reactivity of molecules . collections of atoms in organic chemistry molecules that contribute to the chemical characteristics of the molecule and participate in predictable reactions.

4. M ost C ommon O rganic F unctional Groups

5. Alcohol (Hydroxyl Functional Group ) any organic compound in which a hydroxyl group (-OH) is bound to a carbon atom of an alkyl or substituted alkyl group. The general formula for a simple acyclic alcohol is CnH2n+1OH. is an oxygen atom bonded to a hydrogen atom. Hydroxyls are often written as OH on structures and chemical formulas.

6. Ether Functional Group group consists of an oxygen atom forming a bridge between two different parts of a molecule. Ethers have formula ROR.

7. Aldehyde Functional Group made up of carbon and oxygen double-bonded together and hydrogen bonded to the carbon. Aldehydes have formula R-CHO.

8. Ketone Functional Group a carbon atom double bonded to an oxygen atom that appears as a bridge between two other parts of a molecule. Another name for this group is the carbonyl functional group.

9. Carboxylic Acid Functional Group Also known as the carboxyl functional group. The carboxyl group is an ester where one substituent R is a hydrogen atom. The carboxyl group is usually denoted by -COOH

10. Ester Functional Gro up The ester group is another bridge group consisting of a carbonyl group connected to an ether group. Esters have formula RCO2R.

11. Amine Functional Group derivatives of ammonia (NH3) where one or more of the hydrogen atoms are replaced by an alkyl or aryl functional group .

12. Amide Functional Group combination of a carbonyl group and an amine functional group.

13. Thiol Functional Group similar to the hydroxyl group except the oxygen atom in the hydroxyl group is a sulfur atom in the thiol group. Thiol functional group is also known as a sulfhydryl functional group. Thiol functional groups have formula -SH.

14. Phenyl Functional Grou p This group is a common ring group. It is a benzene ring where one hydrogen atom is replaced by the R substituent group. Phenyl groups are often denoted by the abbreviation Ph in structures and formulas. Phenyl groups have formula C6H5.

15. Reference https://www.thoughtco.com/most-common-organic-functional-groups-608700