Organoleptic.pptx

Evaluation of Drugs

1. ORGANOLEPTIC EVALUATION OF DRUGS Dr. V. Shunmuga Priya Department of Biotechnology

2. EVALUATION OF DRUGS Confirmation of its quality D etermination of quality and purity Deterioration of nature of adulteration Such an evaluation is carried out to know: biochemical variation in a drug deterioration due to treatment or storage substitution and adulteration .

3. ORGANOLEPTIC EVALUATION It is a technique of qualitative evaluation based on study of morphological and sensory profiles of whole drugs Parameters for Evaluation Shape and size Colour , Odour Taste, Fracture Touch, Texture etc. .

4. Organized Drugs The drugs obtained from the direct parts of the plants and containing cellular tissues are called as organized drugs Barks - Cinchona , Cinnamon, Kurchi , Wild cherry Woods - Sandalwood and Red Sandalwood Leaves - Eucalyptus , Mint , Senna, Spearmint, Squill , Tulsi , Coca , Tea Flower - Clove, Saffron , Chamomile Fruit - Amla , Cardamom , Cumin , Dill, Fennel , Star anise, Tamarind Seed - Black Mustard, Cardamom , Nutmeg , Nux vomica Bulb - Garlic Roots - Ashwagandha , Ginger , Ginseng, Turmeric , Valerian, Squill .

5. Un-Organized Drugs Prepared from plants by some intermediate physical processes - incision , drying or extraction with a solvent and not containing any cellular plant tissues Dried latex: Opium, Papain Dried Juice: Aloe, Kino Dried extracts: Agar, Alginate, Black catechu, Pale catechu, Pectin Waxes: Beeswax, Spermaceti, Carnauba wax Gums: Acacia, Guar Gum, Indian Gum, Resins : Asafoetida , Tolu balsam, Storax , Sandarac.

6. Shape and Size Flowers Floral Parts- Stigmas, Corollas, Anther, Ovary, Receptacle

7. Shape and Size Leaves and Leaflets Length, width, Apex, Margin, base and Venation The texture of the Leaf and the hairs in upper and lower surface The feel of the surface-Soft, Hairy, Smooth

8. Shape and Size Bark The Barks occur in three shapes Flat or curved pieces Single Quill Double Quills The barks have two surfaces - an outer and inner. The inner surface is usually lighter than the outer surface

9. SHAPE & SIZE The length, width and thickness of the crude material are of great importance while evaluating a crude drug . A graduated ruler in millimetres is adequate for the measurement of the length, width and thickness of crude materials small seeds and fruits may be measured by aligning 10 of them on a sheet of calibrated paper, with 1mm spacing b/w lines and dividing the result by 10.

10. SHAPE & SIZE OF CRUDE DRUGS

11. SHAPE & SIZE OF CRUDE DRUGS

12. SHAPE & SIZE OF CRUDE DRUGS

13. COLOUR The colour is used in indicating the general origin of drug. e.g. material derived from the aerial part of the plant is usually green and the underground plant material is usually devoid of green colour .

14. TASTE True taste *     Acid (Sour) *     Saline (Salty) *     Saccharine (Sweet) *     Bitter *     Alkaline *     Metallic ·     

15. TASTE     False taste (Sensations to the tongue) *    Mucilaginous (soft slimy feeling) *    Oil (Bland smooth feeling) *    Astringent (Contraction of mouth tissue) *    Pungent (Warm biting sensation) *    Acrid (Unpleasant, Irritating) *    Nauseous (Induce vomiting)

16. ODOUR Indistinct Distinct *      Aromatic *      Balsamic *      Spicy *      Fruity *      Mouldy or musty *      Rancid Weak Strong To an expert, odour and taste of crude material are extremely sensitive criteria based on individuals perception.

17. Merits & Demirts Merits More helpful to identify and detect adulteration More convenient for practical study especially when the chemical nature of the drug is not clearly understood. Demerits · The main drawback of morphological classification is that there is no correlation of chemical constituents with the therapeutic actions. · Repetition of drugs or plants occurs.

18. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kw6SOWq18Hw