Origin and Structure of the Earth (The subsystem) 2.pptx

This power point presentation indicates the study about the earth subsystem as well as the three layers of the earth

1. The Subsystem and the layers of the Earth Earth and Life Science

2. OBJECTIVES: At the end of the discussion, the students will be able to: Determine the four subsystems of the Earth; Describe the characteristics of each subsystem; Identify the layers of the Earth; Differentiate the layers of the Earth; and Express one’s internalized role as steward of the four subsystems concerning the flow of matter and energy.

3. Earth is sometimes called the “water planet” or the “blue planet” because seas cover more than two-thirds of its surface. Earth is the only planet in the solar system with rain that falls from clouds, runs over the land, and collects in extensive oceans. It is also the only body we know that supports life.

4. Subsystems of the Earth The four subsystems of the Earth are: Atmosphere – the gaseous layer above the Earth’s surface primarily composed of different gases such as nitrogen and oxygen. Biosphere – the zone of the Earth where all forms of life exist. This serves as the ecosystem of all living and non- living organisms.

5. Subsystems of the Earth The four subsystems of the Earth are: 3. Geosphere – the solid part of the Earth that consists the entire planet from the center of the core to the outer crust. It includes core, mantle, and crust of the Earth. 4. Hydrosphere – the water part of the Earth that includes oceans and glaciers.

6. For better understanding: Atmosphere – it is the gaseous layer above the Earth’s surface, primarily composed of 78% nitrogen and 21% oxygen. Other gases like argon, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, ozone, and other inert gases made the remaining 1%. The atmosphere supports life because animals and oxygen, and plants need both carbon dioxide and oxygen. In addition, the atmosphere supports life indirectly by regulating climate. Air acts as both a blanket and a filter, retaining heat at night and shielding from direct solar radiation during the day.

7. For better understanding: Biosphere – the zone of Earth where all forms of life exist: in the sea, on land, and in water. It is sometimes called as the large ecosystem. This is the zone that life inhabits. Biosphere is a very thin layer of the earth’s surface. Geosphere – the solid Earth, consisting of the entire planet from the center of the core to the outer crust. It includes the core, mantle, and crust of the Earth

8. How does matter and energy flow across the four subsystems of the Earth? The Earth consists of four subsystems, across whose boundaries matter and energy flows, the atmosphere (air), biosphere (living things), hydrosphere (water), and geosphere (land). The atmosphere provides the geosphere with heat and energy needed for rock breakdown and erosion. The biosphere receives gases, heat, and sunlight (energy) from the atmosphere. It receives water from the hydrosphere and a living medium from the geosphere.

9. Three Layers of the Earth The crust is the thinnest and the outermost part of the earth that consist of loose rocks and soil. It is mainly composed of oxygen, silicon, iron, aluminum, sodium, calcium, magnesium and potassium. It is also made up of granite, sedimentary rocks and metamorphic rocks. Just above the mantle and still part of the crust is the Moho or Mohorovicic discontinuity. It is the transitional boundary between the mantle and crust.

10. Three Layers of the Earth Below the crust is the mantle. It is the thickest layer of the earth that contains molten rock called magma. It holds almost 80% of the earth's volume. It is composed mainly of iron, oxygen, silicon, magnesium and aluminum. The Gutenburg discontinuity is the transitional boundary between the lower mantle and to the next part of the earth which is the core.

11. Three Layers of the Earth The core is the center of the earth that is made up mainly of iron and nickel. The core is divided into two, outer core and inner core. The outer core is known to be liquid because of the iron that in in liquid state. Other components of the outer core are nickel, sulfur and oxygen. The inner core is in solid state that composed mainly of iron and nickel. The Lehman discontinuity is the transitional boundary between the outer core and inner core.

12. Three Layers of the Earth

13. Three Layers of the Earth

14. Five discontinuities inside the Earth Conrad Discontinuity Mohorovicic Discontinuity Repiti Discontinuity Gutenberg Discontinuity Lehman Discontinuity

15. Mohorovicic Discontinuity The transition zone between the crust and mantle is called as mohorovicic discontinuity. The mohorovicic discontinuity was discovered by Andrija Mohorovicic in the year of 1909. The Moho lies at the depth of 35km beneath the continents and 8km beneath the oceanic crust. The Moho separates both the continental crust and the oceanic crust from underlying mantle.

16. Gutenberg Discontinuity The mantle –core transition zone is called Gutenberg discontinuity. In the year of 1912 Weichert Gutenberg was discovered this discontinuity at the depth of 2900km beneath the earth surface. In this zone the velocity of seismic waves changes suddenly.

17. Gutenberg Discontinuity It is the transition zone between outer and inner core. Discovered by seismologist Inge Lehmann.It appears beneath continents, but not usually beneath oceans, and does not readily appear in globally averaged studies.