origin of birdsabcdefghijklmno.pptx-1.pdf

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1. POPULAT
ION
INTERAC
By
Meechal James

2. •Populationinteractionisaphenomenonwheredifferent
populationsoforganismsandcreaturesinteractwithone
anothertoestablishastabilisedtransferofenergyand
food sources.
•Thepopulationofdifferentspecieslivinginahabitatoften
interactinvariousways.Thesearecalledinterspecific
interactions.Theseinteractionscouldbebeneficial,
harmful or neutral to one of the species or both.

3. TYPES OF POPULATION
INTERACTIONS
Population interaction consists of two types of
interaction that are –
1. Positive Interaction
2. Negative Interaction

4. POSITIVE
INTERACTUONS
Positive interaction is seen in:
•Mutualism(symbiosis)
•Commensalism
•Protocooperation.

5. •Mutualism is the involvement of two different
populations in which both populations are
dependent on each other.
•They interact in such a manner that they both
become beneficial for each other.
•An example of mutualism would be lichens.
•Lichens are special organisms that are made
up of the interaction of fungi and algae.
•In the interactive, the fungi provide a great
anchorage, and on the other hand, algae are
the ones that can utilise the sunlight and
MUTUALISM(SYM
BIOSIS)

6. •Commensalism is an association
between two different organisms in
which one is always benefited but the
other is neither benefited nor harmed.
•In some cases, the host also derived
some benefits.
•The species that derive benefit is called
commensal and the other is called the
host.
•Commensals derive benefit the most in
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COMMENS
ALISM

7. PROTOCOOP
ERATION
•Protocooperation is an association
between organisms of different
species in which both were
mutually benefited but can live
without each other.
•It means proto cooperation is
equally beneficial for both but is
not obligatory.
•Example- Sea anemone and Hermit
crab

8. NEGATIVE
INTERACTIONS
Negative interactions among populations
include:
•Predation
•Parasitism
•Competition
•Amensalism.

9. PREDA
TION
•Predation is the direct food relation
between two organisms of different
species in which one animal captures,
kills and feeds upon another animal
•The one animal captured is called a
predator and the other animal is called
prey
•Example – Familiar examples of
predator-prey relationships are
between tigers and deer.
•Cannibalism is a special form of

10. •Parasitism is a food relationship between
organisms of two different species in which
the smaller one lives on or within the larger
one and I gained its food from it.
•The former which obtains food is known as a
parasite and the latter which provides food
and shelter to the parasite is called the host.
•In the host-parasite relationship, the parasite
is benefited but the host is harmed or not
affected.
•Parasitology is the science that deals with
PARASI
TISM

11. COMPET
ITION
•Competition occurs when two
relatively similar species compete
with each other.
•If the species are not similar, then the
interaction would be called
competition.
•Even the resource which they are
fighting for should be limited in the
ideal case, but the competition still
takes place even if there is an
unlimited source of food.

12. AMENS
ALISM
•Amensalism is an interaction
in which the presence of one
species does not allow
individuals of other species
to grow or live.
•Inhibition is achieved
through the secretion of
some alchemical.
•This is also called antibiosis.