Origin of grammar

GRAMMAR

1. Origin of grammar and The contribution of Greeks in its development Mohd . Faraz Zubairi 17ETM 13 MA English (I)

2. Origin of Grammar Originated from ‘ gramma ’ meaning letter . Comes from ‘ graphein ’ meaning to draw or to write . Adjective - ‘ grammatike ’ from which Latin ‘ grammaticus ’ is derived.

3. Grammar in Ancient Greece Pioneers in field of investigation of language. Principles of grammar were first formulated by the scholars of Ancient Greece and Rome . Studied Greek exclusively and showed little interest to the other existing languages at that period.

4. Grammar in Ancient Greece Mainly used for the analysis of the literature, or for deciphering the rules of ancient languages of the holy books. Initially studied as a part of philosophy, logic and rhetoric. Developed through the works of scholars like Plato, Aristotle, the Stoics and the Alexandrians.

5. Plato Study of grammar began with Plato’s dialogue Cratylus in 5 th century B.C. Language thoughts must be cohesive and combined by the logical rules. Devised word classification system into two groups – Onoma – Performer of an action Rhema – The action

6. Aristotle Complemented Plato’s efforts by adding word classes that weren’t part of his broad classification. Made the first substantial effort to devise a system of parts of speech. Added conjunctions. Defined structural word features such as tense .

7. Stoics Introduced and studied phonetics , grammar and etymology as separate levels of study. Divided Aristotle’s ‘ onoma ’ into proper noun and common noun. Chrysippus , a Stoic scholar , added ‘articles’ to word classes.

8. Dionysius Thrax Member of the Alexandrian school of thought. ‘ Techne Grammatike ’ analyses literary texts in terms of letters, syllables and eight parts of speech. Noun ( onoma ) Verb ( rhema ) Participle ( metoche ) Article ( arthron ) Pronouns ( antxnymia ) Prepositions ( prythesis ) Adverbs ( epirrhema )) Conjunctions ( syndesmos )

9. Apollonius Dyscolus Wrote more than thirty treatises on questions of syntax, semantics, morphology, prosody, orthography, dialectology etc. Four of which are still well preserved – Syntax in four books three one-book monographs on P ronouns , Adverbs , and Connectives , respectively. Based his syntactic descriptions on the relations of the noun and the verb to each other and the remaining word classes to these two.

10. efcharistó