Orthogonal coordinate systems- Cartesian ,Cylindrical ,Spherical

Orthogonal coordinate systems
Cartesian ,Cylindrical ,Spherical

1. EC8451- ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS Dr.K.G.SHANTHI Professor/ECE [email protected] ORTHOGONAL COORDINATE SYSTEMS

2. ORTHOGONAL COORDINATE SYSTEMS The physical quantities that are being dealt in Electromagnetics are functions of space and time. In a three-dimensiona1 space, a point can be located as the intersection of three surfaces. When these three surfaces are mutually perpendicular to one another, then it is known as an orthogonal coordinate system. An orthogonal system is one in which the coordinates are mutually perpendicular. The three orthogonal coordinate systems that are most common and useful are: 1. Cartesian (or rectangular) coordinate system 2. Cylindrical coordinate system 3. Spherical coordinate system 2

3. The unit vectors of the rectangular coordinate system have unit magnitude and are directed toward increasing values of their respective variables. A point P in Cartesian coordinates is the intersection of three planes Cartesian (or Rectangular) Coordinate System ( x,y,z )

4. Cartesian (or Rectangular) Coordinate System ( x,y,z ) A point P(x 1 , y 1 , z 1 ) in Cartesian coordinates is the intersection of three planes specified by x = x 1 , y = y 1 and z = z 1 4

5. Cartesian (or Rectangular) Coordinate System ( x,y,z ) 5

6. Cartesian (or Rectangular) Coordinate System ( x,y,z ) 6

7. Cartesian (or Rectangular) Coordinate System ( x,y,z ) 7

8. CIRCULAR / CYLINDRICAL COORDINATE SYSTEM

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11. 11 The differential volume unit in the circular cylindrical coordinate system

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14. 14 SPHERICAL COORDINATE SYSTEM

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21. 21 THANK YOU