Orthopedic impairment

School and Inclusive school
B.Ed

1. ORTHOPEDIC IMPAIRMENT SONAL BHARAL S.Y.B.ed (218) bed 203 school and inclusive school

2. definition The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) defines an orthopedic impairment as a ny condition that interferes with a student’s ability to use his or her body and thus that severely and adversely affects a child’s educational performance. Orthopedic impairment involves bones, joints, limbs, and muscles , and neuro -motor impairment involves the central nervous system (the brain and spinal cord ). Orthopedic impairments can be caused by congenital anomalies, diseases or other causes such as cerebral palsy or amputation of limbs . Orthopedic and neuro -motor impairments are different and separate disability types , but they can cause similar limitations . Common characteristics of orthopedic impairment and neuromotor impairment involve problems using hands, arms, and legs . Relationships also exist between orthopedic and neuromotor impairments. A child with spinal cord damage ( neuromotor ) unable to move her legs for example, may develop bone and muscle disorders in the legs (orthopedic).

3. CAUSES OF ORTHOPEDIC IMPAIRMENT 1.Neuromotor impairments involve the central nervous system (brain, spinal cord, or nerves that send impulses to muscles) affect a child's ability to move, use, feel, or control few parts of the body spina bifida, cerebral palsy, and spinal cord injuries 2 .Musculoskeletal Disorders MSD are injuries and disorders that affect the human body’s movement (muscles, bones, joints, tendons, ligaments, nerves, discs, blood vessels) 3 . Degenerative diseases are based on degenerative cell changes, affecting tissues or organs, which will deteriorate over time, whether due to normal bodily wear or unhealthy lifestyle

4. CAUSES OF ORTHOPEDIC IMPAIRMENT a . Spina Bifida is a cleft spine, or incomplete closure of the spinal column. It is the most common permanently disabling birth defect. Spina bifida occulta is the mildest and most common form. b . Meningocele The spinal cord develops normally, but the meninges , or protective covering, push through the opening in the vertebrae. It can be repaired surgically. c . Myelomeningocele It is the most severe form of spina bifida . The bones of the spinal cord do not completely form and the spinal canal is incomplete, resulting in the spinal cord and meninges protruding out of the child's back .

5. CAUSES OF ORTHOPEDIC IMPAIRMENT d . Scoliosis It is a sideways curve of the spine, measured by x-ray examination as greater than 10 degrees . It makes the shoulders, hips or both appear uneven and can cause pain in the back. e . Cerebral Palsy It includes a number of chronic disorders that impair movement control . The early signs normally appear by the time a child is 18 months of age and generally do not worsen. It is caused by injury to parts of the brain that control the ability to use muscles. The injury can occur before birth, during delivery or soon after birth.

6. CAUSES OF ORTHOPEDIC IMPAIRMENT f . Muscular Dystrophy C haracterized by progressive rapid muscle weakness, defects in muscle proteins and the death of muscle cells and tissue. It often occurs in families with no known history of the disease. Muscular dystrophy are progressive but those such as cerebral palsy and epilepsy can be improved with treatment.

7. Identification of Physical Disability 1. The student has deformity in neck,. ................................................................................................................................... hand.. ............................................................................................................................. fingers.. ............................................................................................................................... waist .............................................................. : ..................................................................... legs.. . .................................................................................................................................. 2 . The student has difficulty in sitting. .................................................................................................................................. standing.. .............................................................................................................................. walking .........: . ..................................................................................................................... 3. The student has difficulty in picking up ............................................................................................................................. holding objects, ................................................................................................................... putting them at the appropriate place . ................................................................................... 4. Frequently complains of pain in joints ................................................................................. 5 . Has difficulty in holding the pen to write ......................................................................... .. 6 . Walks with jerks ................................................................................................................ 7. Involuntary movements of limbs . ....................................................................................... 8 . Has amputated limbs ...........................................................................................................

8. NEED AND Problems While two children may have the same diagnoses , they may have very different physical and intellectual capabilities. Many students with orthopedic impairments do not have learning, language, perceptual, or sensory problems. Student uses various types of braces, prosthetic, and orthotic devices- before , after or in place of surgery otherwise use adapted wheelchairs. Associated speech impairments or multiple disabilities Social interactions often are limited. May have pain and discomfort while sleeping and therefore be fatigued in class. Poor self-concept and poor self- advocacy skills , Fe els helpless or depressed

9. therapy AND ACCOMODATIONS The same types of therapy and educational and recreational accommodations are often appropriate for children with orthopedic and neuro -motor impairments. Physical therapists can help improve gross motor skills Occupational therapists can help improve fine motor skills S peech-language pathologists work with a student on speech and language difficulties. Adapted physical education teachers work with physical and occupational therapists to provide an exercise program to students with disabilities . Special seating arrangements to develop useful posture and movements Securing suitable augmentative communication and other assistive devices specialized chairs, desks and tables for proper posture development specialized exercise equipment  wheelchairs  crutches  walkers  canes

10. Classroom Layout If the child is in a wheelchair, the class should be accessible by wheelchair. Check if the flooring is adequate for the child’s needs. C heck door width, stairs or thresholds and the door knobs. Classroom arrangement with easy access to supplies can prevent accidents and improve participation in activities. A child in a wheelchair, or a child with a spinal problem, may require some special chair or table. If a child is not seated comfortably , learning and writing can be very difficult. Discuss these issues with the parents. Using a buddy system or working with paraprofessionals can provide students with necessary assistance to complete assignments. Toilet accessibility is another important issue that needs to be considered. If your classroom is not suitable, you will need to consider renovation or shifting to a different room .

11. ACCESSIBILITY Adopt a curriculum framework that incorporates comprehensive, flexible learning opportunities that are individualized for ability and interest . Plan lesson and activities with a ppropriate setting for easy access to materials and independence to explore their environment . Provide opportunities for interaction to prevent learning deficiencies in all developmental domains. M ultiple means for gaining knowledge, interacting with the material, and communicating what they know to experience success within the play environment. This can be done by adapting the materials you provide , assigning a helper or allotting a task that they will be able to do independently . Provide extended time to complete assignments Be aware of student’s condition and its affect ( such as tiring easily).

12. Assistive technology Any device or tool that enables a student to participate in learning activities can be called assistive technology. Pocketed pencil grips or ergonomically designed pens for note taking . Children with coordination problems may also benefit from a weighted vest. Oversized art supplies, leaning books, easy grip scissors and handmade adaptations Access to computers , keyboard and mouse alternatives Voice recognition software, Screen reading software, Word prediction, recording tools, academic software packages f or future use. Emphasizing on learning the concept and giving the child a little extra time to write.

13. Inclusive classroom A classroom is a place made up of students and not their disabilities. The greatest barrier is usually not architectural , i t’s often teasing and exclusion by peers. We are all different, and need to accept each other . Focus on the child’s abilities. What they need from you is acceptance, and a little adjustment. Talk about how they need to care for and treat the child . Talk about how that child is just like them and thinks and feels just like them . Assign responsibilities and provide opportunities to get them know the child better . Children with orthopedic impairment have normal intelligence and don’t need a special curriculum. They’ll contribute more to your classroom than what you could ever contribute to them.

14. THANK YOU