Osmotic pressure

Presentation about impotent term, OSMOTIC PRESSURE

1. Welcome to My Presentation

2. OSMOTIC PRESSURE Course Title: Physical Chemistry II Course Code: ACCE 260 Applied Chemistry & Chemical Engineering

3. SHAIKH ASHRAFUL ALAM Dept. of Applied Chemistry & Chemical Engineering BSMRSTU,Gopalgang,Bangladesh

4. Osmosis The passage of solvent into solution or from more dilute to concentrated solution when the two are separated from each other by a semipermeable membrane is known as osmosis. Diffusion of water through the semi permeable membrane from a solution of lower concentration towards a solution of higher concentration Pure Solvent Concentrated Solution semi permeable membrane Solvent molecule Solute molecule

5. Osmotic Pressure Osmotic pressure is the minimum pressure which needs to be applied to a solution to prevent interior flow of water across a semipermeable membrane. or The pressure required to stop osmosis.

6. Osmosis and Osmotic Pressure

7. Determination of Osmotic P ressure Pfeffer ’s Method Berkely and Harthey’s Method A Modern Osmometer .

8. I mportant term of osmosis & Osmotic pressure Isotonic: Solutions have equal concentration of solute, and so equal osmotic pressure. Hypertonic: Solution with higher concentration of solute. Hypotonic: Solution with lower concentration of solute . Isotonic Hypertonic Hypotonic

9. Law of osmotic pressure Boyle-van’t Hoff law for solutions Charles’- Van’t Hoff law for solution Combination of two law we get Van’t Hoff law for solution ( here is osmotic pressure )  

10. Calculating osmotic pressure The ideal gas law states But n/V = M and so Where is the molar concentration of particles and is the osmotic pressure, isVan’t Hoff factor      

11. Relation between osmatic pressure and other colligative properties Here, is the elevation in the boiling or depression in the freezing point. is the boiling or freezing point of the solvent. is the enthalpy change during phase change. is the mole fraction of solute in solution.  

12. Osmotic Pressure – Applications: Osmotic pressure effects normally move solvent molecules from a dilute to a concentrated solution. In water desalination a large “external” pressure is used to push solvent molecules (water) from sea water through a membrane to produce drinking water . The process is shown below. Desalination of saltwater by reverse osmosis

13. Importance of Osmosis and Osmotic Pressure Oncotic pressure of blood plasma Formation of tissue fluid Regulation of cell volume