OSPF-Open-Shortest-Path-Firsghhhujt.pptx

Fffgg

1. OSPF – Open Shortest Path First Franklin Miranda

2. Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) for IP networks that uses a link-state algorithm, specifically Dijkstra's Shortest Path First (SPF) algorithm, to find the most efficient path within a single Autonomous System (AS) 2 Overview link-state routing protocol used to find the best path between routers within an Autonomous System (AS) routers establish neighbor relationships to exchange routing information, and these relationships play a crucial role in the formation of OSPF adjacencies.

3. Router ID: The Router ID is the highest active IP address on the router. The process first considers the highest loopback address. If no loopback address is configured, the highest active IP address on the router's interfaces is used as the Router ID. Router Priority: The router priority is an 8-bit value assigned to a router running OSPF, which is used during the election of the Designated Router (DR) and Backup Designated Router (BDR) in a broadcast network. Designated Router (DR): The Designated Router (DR) is elected to minimize the number of OSPF adjacencies in a network. It is responsible for distributing Link State Advertisements (LSAs) to all other routers. In a broadcast network, the DR handles LSR (Link State Request) messages and responds with updates . 3 Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) Terms

4. Backup Designated Router (BDR): The Backup Designated Router (BDR) serves as a backup to the DR in a broadcast network. If the DR fails, the BDR assumes the role of DR and takes over its responsibilities. DR and BDR Election: The election of the DR and BDR occurs in broadcast or multi-access networks. The following criteria are used for the election: 1. The router with the highest priority is elected as the DR. 2. If there is a tie in the router priority, the router with the highest Router ID is chosen. The highest loopback address first determines the Router IDs, and if no loopback is configured, the highest active IP address on the router’s interfaces is considered . 4

5. Down State No Hello packets have been received on the interface. This is the initial state before communication begins between routers. The OSPF adjacency process has not started yet. Note: The Down state does not imply that the interface is physically down; it simply means that the OSPF router has not started the process of forming adjacencies. Init State The router receives a Hello packet from another router but is not yet listed in the neighbor’s Hello packet. The router has begun communication, but no bidirectional communication has been established yet. Two-Way State Bi-directional communication is confirmed when each router sees itself in the other's Hello packet. In broadcast or multi-access networks, this is the point at which the Designated Router (DR) and Backup Designated Router (BDR) election takes place . 5 Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) States

6. ExStart State The Master/Slave relationship is established for Database Description (DBD) exchange. Routers exchange initial DBD packets, which contain the sequence numbers, indicating the beginning of the exchange phase. The router with the higher Router ID becomes the master, while the other becomes the slave . Exchange State In this state, routers exchange full Database Description (DBD) packets, which contain the headers of Link State Advertisements (LSAs). Routers create Link-State Request (LSR) lists to request missing LSAs that are not present in their own Link-State Database (LSDB). Loading State Routers send Link-State Request (LSR) packets to request missing LSAs. The routers respond with Link-State Update (LSU) packets, which contain the requested LSAs . Note : If a router receives a DBD from another router and finds that the received DBD is more up-to-date than its own, it will send an LSR to request missing links. The other router will reply with an LSU containing the missing updates, and a Link State Acknowledgment (LSA) is sent in return. 6

7. 7

8. A router is a device that connects two or more packet-switched networks or subnetworks . -(cloudflare) It is a computer and networking device that forwards data packets between computer networks, including internetworks such as the global Internet . -(Wikipedia) guide and direct network data, using packets that contain various kinds of data—such as files, communications, and simple transmissions like web interactions . (Cisco) 8 R outers

9. Edge router. An edge router connects to both core routers and external networks. It provides an additional layer of security by separating data transmitted. 9 Types of routers

10. Wired routers are traditional versions that use cable connections on both ends to receive and distribute data packets 10 Wired routers

11. manage the transmission of data between different parts of a network, particularly within larger infrastructures. 11 Distribution routers

12. provide Computer sharing network by default. Virtual routers provide multitenant network services for private, public, as well as provider-hosted clouds. It works as per the redundancy protocol for the virtual router (VRRP), it becomes active when the main or primary router is disabled. 12 Virtual routers

13. A core router is a computer communication device and a backbone of the network, which means it links all network devices. It allows for fast data communication. 13 Core Router

14. A wireless router is also known as a WLAN (wireless local area network) device. This wireless Network established is termed a Wi-Fi network. Wireless routers are used in homes. that Internet service providers (ISP) use routers to connect to xDSL or network Internet cable. 14 Wireless Routers

15. Broadband routers are built for ease of installing home networks, especially for households with high-speed Internet service. It allows all consumer appliances devices to share an internet connection, broadband routers often allow data, printers as well as other electronic devices to be shared between home computers and other devices. 15 Broadband Routers

16. 16 Ethernet Switches

17. is a vital component of a computer network that connects multiple devices, like computers, printers, and servers, within a local area network (LAN). It operates at the data link layer of the OSI model and ensures seamless communication between devices by forwarding data packets based on their destination MAC addresses. 17 Network switch

18. A PoE (Power over Ethernet) switch simplifies cabling by delivering power and data through the same ethernet cable . switches provide both power and data through a single Ethernet cable . 18 PoE switches

19. Smart managed switches are a hybrid of unmanaged and managed switches. They offer customization and configuration options, such as VLANs and QoS . Increased security, high-bandwidth switches for larger networks from core to edge. VLAN, PoE and ACL controls. 19 Smart Cloud Switches

20. Stackable switches allow you to optimize your network while also increasing its reliability . Stackable switches offer a combination of fixed switch and modular switch. 20 Stackable switches

21. Data center switches have become more popular due to their high speed, low latency, and large port capacity, making them ideal for virtualization, QoS , and security in consolidated data centers . Data center switches are mainly used by cloud providers and large enterprises that use virtualization. 21 Data center switches

22. are a type of network switch that provides a middle ground between unmanaged and fully managed switches . miniature but less expensive version of the conventionally managed switch, they are more advanced than an unmanaged switch. 22 Smart switches

23. 23