Osteoporosis (A systemic skeletal disorder).pptx

Osteoporosis is a condition that weakens bones, making them fragile and more likely to break. It develops slowly over several years and is often only diagnosed when a minor fall or sudden impact causes a bone fracture.

1. OSTEOPOROSIS - Puja Kumari MPH

2. CONTENTS Introduction Global burden Indian scenario Key points Definition Pathophysiology Bone remodelling Risk factors Causes Signs and symptoms Diagnosis methods Prevention and medical management Living with osteoporosis International osteoporosis foundation Empowering india : pharmed launches major bone health initiative References

3. Up to 37 million fragility fractures occur annually worldwide in individuals aged over 55—this is equivalent to 70 fractures every minute. Globally, one in three women and one in five men over age 50 will experience an osteoporosis-related fracture over their remaining lifetimes. Global Burden

4. Indian Scenario In india , About 23 percent of children suffer from osteoporosis. About 37 percent of the Elderly are diagnosed to have osteoporosis, whereas about 18 % of the adults have osteoporosis. Burden of osteoporosis in India is estimated to be about 6 crore people, 80 percent of this is in women.

5. World osteoporosis day- 20 October WHO Theme 2024- “ Say No to Fragile Bones” Key points

6. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY Result of prolonged imbalance of Bone Remodeling: Bone remodeling occurs throughout an individual's lifetime. In normal adults, the activity of osteoclasts (bone resorption) is balanced by that of osteoblasts (bone formation). Normal bone remodeling in the adult result in gradually increase bone mass until the early 30s. With ageing the peak bone mass is gradually decrease and 1. Calicitonin which inhibit bone resorption and promotebone formation. (decrease) 2. Estrogen which inhibit bone breakdown. (decrease) 3. PTH increase bone turnover and resorption. (increase )

7. Age in years BONE REMODELLING

8. Age Gender family history lifestyle choices Women, particularly after menopause Other factors include- low calcium intake lack of physical activity excessive alcohol consumption

9. CAUSES OF OSTEOPOROSIS Idiopathic age-related osteoporosis (most common): (1) Young adults (2) Postmenopausal (type 1) (3) Senile (type II) B)Osteoporosis secondary to disease states: 1. Metabolic conditionse.g calc. deficiency, vit. D deficiency, malnutrition, scurvy. 2. Endocrine conditions e.g , Hyperparathyroidism. 3. Renal disease. 4. Gastrointestinal-liver disease. 5.Bone marrow infiltration e.g , leukemia . 7. Drugs e.g Phenobarbital, Thyroid hormones, Corticosteroid. 8. Life style e.g Nutnition , alcohol, smoking, inactivity, immobilization, excessive caffeine 9. Miscellaneous e.g Rh. arthritis

10. Signs and symptoms Osteoporosis has been called "silent disease" because bone mass is lost over many years with no sings or symptoms.C \M: 1. Loss of height. 2. Back pain. 3. vertebrae collapse. (dowager's hump)

11. Diagnosis of osteoporosis typically involves- 1.x-ray studies: determine bone density. 2.radiographic: bone mass. (osteopenia). 3.ultrasonography:determine bone density. 4. Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) is the preferred modality for measuring bone mineral density (BMD); to measure bone strength. 5.medical history 6.physical exams to assess fracture risk and overall bone health.

12. Prevention and medical management The main goal of treatment is to prevent development of osteoporosis and to stabilize remaining bone mass. A calc. rich diet esp. in childhood. adolescents may need 1200mg and postmenopausal women may need 1500mg daily. Milk, cheese and yogurt are rich in calcium. Elderly should be advised to take 400-800 units of Vit. D daily Comes (from 2 sources: the sun and Fortified dairy products, egg yolks, saltwater fish, and liver) Hormone Replacement Therapy: to increase serum estrogen levels, which in turn decrease the rate of bone resorption.

13. calcitonin: a synthetic thyroid hormone usually prescribe as a daily nasal spray to reduce factors that cause loss of calcium and increase reabsorption of calcium in the gastrointestinal tract. Maintain a diet Never Smoking Exercising regularly in childhood and adolescence can ensure that you will reach peak bone density. Alcohol, caffeine intake should be avoided.

14. IOF The International Osteoporosis Foundation is the world’s largest non-governmental organization dedicated to the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of osteoporosis and related musculoskeletal diseases. IOF Vision: Our vision is a world without fragility fractures, in which healthy mobility is a reality for all. IOF Mission: To promote bone and musculoskeletal health as a worldwide priority.  

15. Empowering India: Pharmed Launches Major Bone Health Initiative: Pharmed Limited launches the India Bone Health Initiative on World Osteoporosis Day(20 October 2024), addressing rising osteoporosis concerns in India. By combining awareness, education, and accessible diagnostics, this initiative aims to improve bone health across various life stages, fostering a preventive care culture and empowering Indians to lead healthier lives. The IBHI program focuses on raising osteoporosis awareness, offering patient education on bone health, implementing accessible Bone Mineral Density testing at annual camps, and fostering early detection strategies. By collaborating with healthcare experts, the initiative aims to strengthen knowledge and treatment capabilities in the country.

16. References: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov www.nia.nih.gov/health/osteoporosis www.who.int/evidence-on-osteoporosis www.osteoporosis.foundation/news/world-osteoporosis-day-experts-warn https://bonehealthindia.weebly.com About us | International Osteoporosis Foundation