Overview & Theories of Instructional Materials.pptx

Overview and Theories of Instructional Materials

1. Instructional Materials OVERVIEW AND THEORIES JUDITH A. ALO

2. Learning Objectives: To define what are Instructional Materials To enumerate the Theories of Instructional Materials Discuss the Theories of Instructional Materials Appreciate the importance of using IMs in our lives

3. OVERVIEW Instructional Materials play a critical role in modern education by providing essential tools and resources for both educators and students. They exist to enrich the educational experience, support effective teaching practices, and empower learners to achieve academic success and lifelong learning skills. They are aligned with specific learning objectives, teaching methodologies and focus on the “how” of teaching.

4. IMs Definitions - David Nunan, Language Teaching Methodology A textbook for Teachers (1991) - Tony Wright, Roles of Teachers and Learners (1987) Instructional Materials are an important element within the curriculum and are often the most tangible and visible aspect of it. Instructional Materials can be define the goals of the syllabus, and the role of the teachers and the learners within the instructional process.

5. Purpose of Instructional Materials Increases the effectiveness of the teacher Clarifies the subject matter Stimulates Interest Helps make learning more permanent

6. Examples: Lesson Plans Teaching Guides Instructional Videos PowerPoint Presentations Books DVDs and other printed worksheets

7. Instructional Materials contain instructions to learners and teachers: 1. Content to be learned 2. Techniques of Presentation 3. Practice and the use of that content 4. Modes of teaching associated with those techniques -Francis Johnson, RELC Journal (1972 )

8. Theories of Instructional Materials The theories of instructional materials are used to guide the design, development, and implementation of educational resources and strategies. Behaviorist Theory Constructivist Theory Humanist Theory Multimedia Learning Theory Instructional Design Theory Social Learning Theory Cognitivist Theory Connectivist Theory

9. Instructional Design Theory focuses on systematically translating principles of learning and instruction into instructional plans, materials, and evaluations to ensure quality education. provides a framework for creating educational and training programs in a consistent and effective manner. Arguably the most important instructional design model. ADDIE – Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation and Evaluation a motivational design framework developed by John Keller to enhance the motivational appeal of instructional materials. The acronym ARCS stands for Attention, Relevance, Confidence, and Satisfaction. Successive Approximation Model - a simplified version of the ADDIE Model. An instructional design model that works in three phases: target, create and launch. Bloom’s Taxonomy ADDIE Model ARCS Model SAM Model Learning Circle Framework A hierarchical ordering of cognitive skills that can help teachers teach and students learn. 5 Examples of Instructional Design Models

10. Behaviorist Theory The hallmark of this theory is that one does not have to delve into the invisible workings of the mind to understand learning. Behaviorist believe human beings are shaped entirely by their external environment Flashcards, worksheets, programmed instruction. Examples: Instructional Materials: Often include repetitive drills, practice exercises, and reinforcement tools.

11. Cognitivist Theory Interest of their perception of forms, shapes and procedures Explains how we process information when we learn Concept maps, interactive tutorials, detailed manuals. Examples: Instructional Materials: Focus on helping learners organize information, develop problem-solving skills, and improve memory.

12. Constructivist Theory The learner is in control of his or her own learning The theory emphasizes the importance of learner's active role in the learning process through interaction with instructional materials Project-based learning kits, simulations, discovery learning resources. Examples: Instructional Materials: Emphasize active learning, collaboration, and problem-solving .

13. Social Learning Theory Emphasizes the importance of observing and modelling the behaviors, attitudes, emotional reactions of others States that every idea and human action is a generalization, adapted to the ongoing environment Collaborative software, social media integration, peer review systems . Examples: Instructional Materials: Facilitate social interaction and collaborative learning.

14. Humanist Theory More concerned with education’s role in the development of the person as a person Emphasizes personal growth, self actualization, and the development of individual’s potential Personal development plans, reflective diaries, motivational videos. Examples: Instructional Materials: Focus on the emotional and motivational aspects of learning.

15. Connectivist Theory Learning in the digital age involves the ability to connect with information sources and networks Part of learning is considering the value of information, and determining if it is useful Online courses, social networking tools, e-portfolios . Examples: Instructional Materials: Integrate digital tools and online resources, encouraging learners to create and share knowledge through networks and communities .

16. Multimedia Learning Theory Learning is enhanced when information is presented through multiple channels (visual, auditory, and kinesthetic) Interactive e-books, educational videos, multimedia presentations . : Examples: Instructional Materials: Use a combination of text, images, audio, and video to cater to different learning styles and enhance understanding.

17. Why is IM important? Instructional Materials are essential since they help the teacher and learners avoid overemphasis on recitation and rote learning that can easily dominate a lesson. Resource materials allow learners to have practical experiences which help them develop skills and concepts and to work in a variety of ways.

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19. References: Johnson, F. (1972). RELC Journal Nunan, D. (1991). Language Teaching Methodology, A textbook for Teachers Tomlinson, B. (1998) Mat. Dev. in Language Teaching.  Cambridge University Press- Education ,  pp.1-2 Wright, T. (1987).Roles of Teachers and Learners, Oxford ; New York : Oxford University Press https://www.igi-global.com/dictionary/relevance-of-the-use-of-instructional-materials-in-teaching-and-pedagogical-delivery/48956 Source Title:  Handbook of Research on Enhancing Teacher Education with Advanced Instructional Technologies https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/theories-of-instructional-materials/250510506#2

20. Thank You For Listening

21. Bionote: Judith A. Alo is a senior high school teacher in Bankal National High School under the Division of Lapu-Lapu City. She holds a bachelors degree in Mathematics and a Master’s degree in Teaching Mathematics from CTU-Main Campus. She was able to publish her master’s journal entitled, “ A Five-Pronged Evaluation In The Crafting a Self-Learning Module in General Mathematics: A case Study in the Philippines” together with her co-authors. Currently, she is teaching mathematics and statistics subjects in Senior High School.

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