Overview of different microorganisms_3_noaudio.pptx

The ppt micro organisms

1. Overview of microorganisms fungi Ephraim Zachariah BSC in psychiatric nursing

2. Objectives State important characteristics of fungi List three main groups of fungi List the 3 types of fungal infection Give at least 4 examples of fungal pathogens. List the methods of laboratory diagnosis Give examples of antifungal agents

3. What are fungi? Eukaryotes have a nucleus delimited by a membrane Heterotrophs – they need organic carbon sources for growth They can be found growing on decomposing organic matter (saprophytic fungi), on trees (mycorrhiza fungi), on living hosts (parasitic fungi). Classification: Four divisions – Chytridiomycota , Zygomycota, Ascomycota, & Basidiomycota

4. 3 main groups of fungi - morphology Moulds with branching filaments called hyphae reproduce through spore production Yeasts unicellular and oval shaped reproduce by budding Dimorphic fungi can either be mycelial or yeast phase Depend on conditions of growth

5. Branching filaments – hyphae Asexually produced spores called Conidia ( conidiospores ) Conidiophore is the branching filament that produces spores Septum – wall dividing the hyphae http://mouldclean.ca/images www.allergy-details.com/allergies/mold?page=3 www.fungionline.org.uk/1intro/3growth_forms.html

6. Example of yeast cells – Cryptococcus sp. Yeasts reproduce by budding They are unicellular commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cryptococcus_...

7. Mycosis Mycosis stands for fungal disease Majority of fungi causing disease are moulds Dimorphic fungi change forms between host and natural environment

8. What are the 3 types of fungal infection? Superficial mycoses Subcutaneous mycoses Systemic mycoses

9. Superficial mycoses Diseases of skin, hair, nails and mucous membranes Examples include: Ringworm ( Dermatophytosis ) caused by mould fungi and affects skin, hair and nails http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ringworm http:// missinglink.ucsf.edu/.../tinea.html www.lib.uiowa.edu/Hardin/MD/cdc/579.html

10. Examples of superficial mycoses Ring worm is caused by three genera of mould - Trichophyton , Microsporum , Epidermophyton . Superficial candidiosis - affects skin, nails mucous membranes of mouth and vagina. Candida is a yeast an example is Candida albicans http://productresearch.files.wordpress.com/2008/07/280px-oralcandi1.jpg

11. Examples cont , superficial mycosis Pityriasis versicolor – discolouration of the skin caused by yeasts of the genus Malassezia. www.patient.co.uk/.../Pityriasis-Versicolor.htm

12. Subcutaneous infections Diseases of skin and subcutaneous tissues Examples include: Mycetoma – caused by moulds such as Nocardia and streptomyces Florian H. PilsczekI , II; Michael AugenbraunI , Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical

13. Examples of Subcutaneous mycoses Sporotrichosis – infection of skin and subcutaneous tissues Caused by a dimorphic fungi Sporothrix schenckii www.mdconsult.com/.../body/0/0/10041/31266.html

14. Systemic mycoses Disease affecting internal organs Examples include true pathogens such as: Blastomycosis – Blastomyces dermatitidis Coccidioidomycosis ( C. immitis ) Histoplasmosis ( H. capsulatum ) Paracoccidioidomycosis ( Paracoccidioides brasiliensis )

15. Systemic mycoses due to opportunistic fungi Opportunistic pathogens include Aspergillus, and Cryptococcus species. Seen in compromised patients (disease and drugs) Frequent cause of death in transplant patients

16. Laboratory diagnosis Direct Microscopy Culture Serology PCR ( polyemalyce chain reaction)

17. Treatment Amphotericin B Fluconazole Clotrimazole Miconazole nystatin

18. References Engelkirkn PG, Burton GR., 2007. Burton’s Microbiology for the Health Sciences. 8th Edition. Lippincott Williams and Wilkins. Philadelphia Greenwood et al., 2007. Medical Microbiology. A Guide to Microbial Infections: Pathogenesis, Immunity, Laboratory Diagnosis and Control. 17 th Edition. ChurchHill LivingStone , Elsevier. Edinburgh.