Ownership Patterns of Mass Media

This presentation mainly created for law students having Media Law in their curriculum.

1. Media and Ownership Patterns of Mass Media (Media Law) By Manas Bulchandani B.A.LL.B.(Hons.)-IV Year Department of Legal Studies & Research, Barkatullah University, Bhopal.

2. Media Media is medium to communicate to masses. It includes: newspaper, radio, television, films, internet, books, magazines, and everything that provides the information.

3. Need of Media Media is considered as fourth pillar of democracy because it provides information, source of entertainment, debates and discussions, virtual classes, platform to express views and opinions and to raise voice against unfavourable schemes of government. It helps in building qualities of leadership, self-confidence, truth, non-violence and trustworthy.

4. Ownership Patterns of Mass Media India follows socialism and has mixed economy . Therefore, public as well as private sector both plays an important role in the growth of nation. Likely in the case of media, public authorities as well as private individuals both own the media in one or the other way . The ownership pattern changes from private to third party or public to autonomous body.

5. Newspapers & Magazines (OWNERSHIP pattern) Private Ownership: It can be owned by:- Individual ( Businessman/Industrialist) Partnership Association/Trust Joint Stock Company In India, mostly around 70% of newspapers are owned by private individuals .

6. Newspapers & Magazines (OWNERSHIP pattern) Public Ownership/ Governmental Organisations: Generally, the government does not own any newspaper and magazine. There are certain governmental media related organisations that releases information of various ministries in public domain. They are as:- Press Information Bureau(PIB) Publication Division Research & Reference Division Photo Division Press Council of India

7. Films (OWNERSHIP pattern) Private Ownership Pattern: As soon as film is completed in its shoot, the producer contacts distributors of one territory or more distributors of different areas so as to sell its film in the cinema halls . All rights of a film are sold to distributors. The distributor then negotiates with the exhibitors who own chain of theatres. Hence , private ownership of the films gets transferred to distributors.

8. Films (OWNERSHIP pattern) Media-related Governmental Organisations: There are certain media-related governmental organisations:- Film Division Central Board of Film Certification (CBFC) National Film Archive of India National Film Development Corporation (NFDC)

9. Radio (OWNERSHIP pattern) Media(Radio) -related Governmental Organisations: Indian Broadcasting Company came under the control of government after its liquidation. It became Indian Broadcasting Service. It was later renamed to ‘ All India Radio ’ in 1936 and came to be known as ‘ Akashvani ’ from 1957 . Radio-related governmental organisations are: News Service Division External Services Division Commercial Broadcasting Service

10. Radio (OWNERSHIP pattern) Private Ownership: There are wide number of FM channels of various companies/industrialists/businessman to earn profit. Mostly, the license is granted to them by government on periodic basis. Examples of FM Channels: Radio Mirchi Channel Channel by Surya Network

11. CONCLUSION Media is channel of communication. It has both pros and cons. The media cant be provided with absolute rights and privileges. Certain checks are necessary in accordance with Article 19(2) of Indian Constitution. The government holds control over media through various organisations which works under Ministry of Information & Broadcasting.

12. THANKYOU