oxidation ponds & Lagoons

What are Oxidation Ponds ?
Oxidation Pond is an open, flow through earthen basin of controlled shape specially design and constructed to treat sewage and bio-degradable industrial waste by natural processes involving bacteria and in many instances algae.
What are Oxidation Ponds ?
Oxidation Pond is an open, flow through earthen basin of controlled shape specially design and constructed to treat sewage and bio-degradable industrial waste by natural processes involving bacteria and in many instances algae.
What are Oxidation Ponds ?
Oxidation Pond is an open, flow through earthen basin of controlled shape specially design and constructed to treat sewage and bio-degradable industrial waste by natural processes involving bacteria and in many instances algae.
What are Oxidation Ponds ?
Oxidation Pond is an open, flow through earthen basin of controlled shape specially design and constructed to treat sewage and bio-degradable industrial waste by natural processes involving bacteria and in many instances algae.
What are Oxidation Ponds ?
Oxidation Pond is an open, flow through earthen basin of controlled shape specially design and constructed to treat sewage and bio-degradable industrial waste by natural processes involving bacteria and in many instances algae.
What are Oxidation Ponds ?
Oxidation Pond is an open, flow through earthen basin of controlled shape specially design and constructed to treat sewage and bio-degradable industrial waste by natural processes involving bacteria and in many instances algae.
What are Oxidation Ponds ?
Oxidation Pond is an open, flow through earthen basin of controlled shape specially design and constructed to treat sewage and bio-degradable industrial waste by natural processes involving bacteria and in many instances algae.
What are Oxidation Ponds ?
Oxidation Pond is an open, flow through earthen basin of controlled shape specially design and constructed to treat sewage and bio-degradable industrial waste by natural processes involving bacteria and in many instances algae.

1.   Oxidation Ponds & Lagoons Submitted to:- Dr. A nju Malik DEPT. OF EES . Submitted by:- Keshav kumar Roll no. 07 Class :- M.Sc. (F)

2. Oxidation Ponds  What are Oxidation Ponds ? Oxidation Pond is an open, flow through earthen basin of controlled shape specially design and constructed to treat sewage and bio-degradable industrial waste by natural processes involving bacteria and in many instances algae.

3. Types Of Oxidation ponds Aerobic Ponds Anaerobic Ponds Facultative Ponds Maturation or Tertiary Ponds

4. Applications   Type of Pond Applications Aerobic Nutrient removal, treatment of soluble organic waste & effluents from waste water treatment plants. Anaerobic Treatment of domestic and industrial wastes. Facultative Treatment of untreated screened waste water and industrial wastes.

5. Light Energy from Sun New Algal Biomass ALGAE AEROBIC BACTERIA AEROBIC BACTERIA New Bacterial Biomass

6. Diurnal Variations in Aerobic Ponds  Diurnal variation in DO concentration Diurnal variation in pH Extreme values of these, in either direction may be detrimental to microbial activity

7. Design Considerations Parameter Value Depth in mts. 0.15-.5 Retention time (day) 2-6 BOD u loading( lb/acre-day)  80-90 BODu removal(%) 80-90 Algae concentration(mg/l) 100-200 Re-circulation ratio 0.2-2.0 Effluent suspended solids concentration(mg/l) 150-350

8. Problems   Nuisance vegetation Inhibitory temperatures Oxygen retention Shock loads

9. Anaerobic decomposition It take place in two separate but inter related steps 1. Decomposition of dissolved organic waste by acid producing bacteria to organic acids (such as acetic propionic acid) and, 2. Further decomposition of these acids to the end products of methane, carbon dioxide and water by  methane producing bacteria.

10. Bacterial Cells Bacterial Cells Acid producing Bacteria Methane producing bacteria H2O,CO2,CH4 Organic Wastes H2O,CO2

11. Facultative Ponds  These are neither fully aerobic nor fully anaerobic. They are often about 1 to 2 m in depth and favor algal growth along with the growth of aerobic, anaerobic and facultative microorganisms . Such ponds are predominantly aerobic during day light as well as for some hours of the light. In the few remaining hours the pond bottom may turn anaerobic

12. Zones of facultative pond 1) Aerobic zone 2) Anaerobic zone 3) Facultative zone The decomposition of incoming organic waste and products of anaerobic decomposition is done by facultative bacteria.

13. Maturation / Tertiary Ponds  These are similar to aerobic ponds but are very lightly  loaded with organic wastes. Generally used for up grading effluents from conventional secondary treatment processes .

14. Reasons For Poor Performance of  Oxidation Pond DO level in the pond during night & early morning hours was almost zero. BOD removal efficiency was only 50-58% BOD loading rate was 91.20 kg/day as compared to the design BOD of 81kg/day

15. LAGOONS Lagoons are deep waste stabilization ponds –like bodies of water or basins designed to receive, hold , and treat wastewater for a predetermined period of time by artificial means of aeration . In the lagoon, wastewater is treated through a combination of physical, biological, and chemical processes .

16. TYPES OF LAGOONS According to the microbial activity in the aerated lagoons  Aerobic aerated lagoons. Facultative aerated lagoons.

17. AEROBIC AERATED LAGOONS Dissolved oxygen is present throughout much of the depth of aerobic lagoons . They tend to be much shallower than other lagoons . They are better suited for warm, sunny climates, where T hey are less likely to freeze.

18. HRT = 2 to 10 days SS concentration between 60 to 300mg/l The BOD removal is of order of 75 to 85% Oxygenation requirement is of order of .7 to 1.3 kg per kg of BOD removed

19. Units of aerobic lagoon 1) The mechanical surface aerators so that solids do not settle to bottom of tank. 2) The other unit is settling tank for removal of suspended solids .

20. FACULTATIVE AERATED LAGOONS Three types of zones are present Aerobic Zone.  Anaerobic Zone . Facultative Zone . HRT is higher than aerobic lagoons because time requires for the solids to settle and for many pathogens viruses to either die off or settle out.

21. Facultative lagoons SS concentration is ranging from 30 to 150 mg/l Detentions time ranges from 3 to 5 days . BOD removal are of order 75 to 90% Oxygenation requirement is about .8 kg per kg of BODs

22. Two, Three, or Four Lagoons Are Better Than One Each lagoon cell has a different function to perform ,and a different kind of lagoon design may be used for each cell. In Series In Parallel When lagoons operate in series, more of the solid material in the waste water , such as algae, has an opportunity to settle out before the effluent is disposed of. This system design is particularly useful in cold climates or where lagoons are covered with ice for parts of the year.

23. Operation And Maintenance For Aerobic Lagoons Any earthen structures used as impoundments must be periodically inspected . If left unchecked, rodent damage can cause severe weakening of lagoon embankments. In submerged diffused aeration, the routine application of HC l gas in the system is used to dissolve accumulated material on the diffuser units The use of submerged perforated tubing for diffused aeration requires maintenance and cleaning on a routine basis to maintain design aeration rates

24. Operation And Maintenance For Facultative Lagoons Most facultative lagoons are designed to operate by gravity flow . The system is not maintenance intensive and power costs are minimal because pumps and other electrically operated devices may not be required . Earthen structures used as impoundments must be inspected for rodent damage.

25. Applicability Type of Lagoon  Application Aerobic Lagoon  Municipal and industrial wastewaters of low to medium strength Facultative  Lagoon Treated raw, screened, or primary settled municipal wastewater and biodegradable industrial waste waters

26. Limitations For Aerated Lagoons Aerated lagoons may experience ice formation on the water surface during cold weather periods Reduced rates of biological activity also occur during cold weather Formation of ice on Floating Aerators. For facultative Lagoons The inability of the process to meet a 30 mg/L limit for TSS due to the presence of algae in the effluent . Odors may be a problem in the spring and fall during periods of excessive algal blooms and unfavorable weather conditions

27. References :-   www.oilgae.com/ref/glos/ oxidation  _  ponds .html     2. www.microbiologyprocedure.com    3. www.eco-web.com/cat/2.5.html     4. www.eco-web.com/cat/2.5.html     5.www.mazzei.net/applications/ waste water/odor.htm  6.www.brighthub.com/engineering/civil/articles/50611.as px