Oyedeji Michael final yr presentation .pptx

Development of a fogging system for environmental control in an A frame greenhouse

1. DEVELOPMENT OF A FOGGING SYSTEM FOR ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL IN AN A-FRAME GREENHOUSE By Michael Oluwagbemiga , OYEDEJI Matric No: 192868 Supervised By Dr. M. O. Omobowale

2. INTRODUCTION When it comes to greenhouses, their primary function is to produce and maintain an atmosphere that allows for optimum agricultural productivity and profit ( Ouammi et al., 2019). The presence of warmth and humidity is required for the growth of most plants. Despite the fact that both glass and plastic film allow sunlight to enter the greenhouse (Hiscott et al., 2021), they are poor conductors of heat, and as a result, they prevent heat from escaping to the outside.

3. PROBLEM STATEMENT The sharp increase in population growth in Nigeria, which is projected to reach 400 million by 2050, will increase the rate of food demand for survival amidst climate change. In order to meet the food demand of the population, there is a need for greenhouse technologies to boost food production and yield and mitigate the effects of climate change on food production. In the tropical region like Nigeria, greenhouses are associated with high temperature profiles, especially during the drying seasons, which means no optimal conditions for the cultivation of low temperature-tolerance crops.

4. OBJECTIVE The main objective of this project is to develop a low-cost fogging system for environmental control in an A-frame greenhouse in order to create an optimal micro-climate for crop production. In achieving the main objective, the following activities were carried out; Design of cooling requirements, installation of foggers, lines and water storage. Monitoring and evaluation of microclimate in a fogging installed A-framed greenhouse and no fogging A-framed greenhouse.

5. JUSTIFICATION The use of a fogging system is an excellent alternative for cooling. As air temperatures build in greenhouses water loss from the plants can exceed the amount of water the plants can take up. Using this system in this situation, lowers air temperature, increases the humidity of the air, and does not saturate the growing mediums exposing them to fungi, moss, and gnats. It also provides a more uniform mist distribution within the greenhouse and has lower maintenance costs. It requires less management to keep the humidity high

6. MATERIALS AND METHODS Design Consideration Greenhouse microclimate Size and shape of the greenhouse Water storage capacity Materials Four-way foggers High Pressure water pump (0.5 hp) Gum Thread tape ½ , ¾, 1 inch pipe ½, ¾, 1 inch elbow, socket, tee and union Water tank Temperature senor micro controller Suction bottom valve Ball valve Methods Fogging Lines Underground water storage Foggers installation Micro-controller installation Microclimate Monitoring

7. MATERIALS AND METHODS CONTD Figure 1: Fogging Layout in the Greenhouse Figure 2: Schematic Diagram of the Fogging System

8. MATERIALS AND METHODS CONTD Plate 1: Foggers Installation Plate 2: Microcontroller Temperature Sensor and Timer

9. MATERIALS AND METHODS CONTD Plate 3: The Fogging System Plate 4: Lascar Data Loggers

10. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS Variable Mean StDev Minimum Median Maximum Mode Skewness Kurtosis Control Temperature 39.339 6.100 21.500 40.500 51.500 43.5 -0.59 -0.24 Control Humidity 57.071 12.912 36.500 53.000 88.500 48.5 0.85 -0.25 Fogging Temperature 36.625 4.760 21.500 37.500 47.500 40.5 -0.59 0.04 Fogging Humidity 66.714 12.098 40.000 64.000 93.000 60 0.66 -0.38 Temperature Differences 2.7138 3.3262 -10.5000 3.0000 14.5000 4 -0.19 2.26 Humidity Differences 9.643 7.332 -17.500 10.500 43.000 10.5 0.24 3.18 Table 1: Descriptive Statistics of the Microclimate Parameters of the Greenhouses

11. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS CONTD Figure 2: Temperature Profile in the Greenhouses

12. Source DF Adj SS Adj MS F-Value P-Value Factor 1 8602 8602.15 287.41 0.000 Error 4670 139775 29.93     Total 4671 148377       Factor N Mean Grouping Control Temperature 2336 39.339 A   Fogging Temperature 2336 36.6248   B Table 2: Results of ANOVA on the Temperature of the Greenhouses Table 3: Tukey Comparison of the Greenhouses Temperature RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS CONTD

13. Figure 4: Humidity Profile of the Greenhouses RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS CONTD

14. Source DF Adj SS Adj MS F-Value P-Value Factor 1 108604 108604 693.75 0.000 Error 4670 731070 157     Total 4671 839674       Table 4: Results of ANOVA on the Humidity of the Greenhouses Table 5: Tukey Comparison of the Greenhouses Humidity Factor N Mean Grouping Fogging Humidity 2336 66.714 A   Control Humidity 2336 57.071   B RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS CONTD

15. CONCLUSIONS There was obvious difference in the temperature trend obtained in the greenhouse installed with fogging system as compared to the greenhouse without fogging system. The humidity level of the greenhouse with fogging system consistently increase due to continuous mists of water in the system while the humidity of the greenhouse without fogging system keeping low due to its frequently rise in air temperature within the system. During the study, it was observed at some points that there was no difference between the temperature observed in both greenhouses. This occurred due to continuous rising in solar radiation and in efficient of the extractor to extract humid air from the greenhouse with fogging installation. It is noticed that if the framing members of the greenhouse is not properly coated with anti-rust paint it may get rust fast due to continuous contact with mist.

16. It is recommended that the water to be used for fogging should be pre-cool to increase its effectiveness. The greenhouse should be incorporated with water recycling system for the fogging system in order to improve water use efficiency. A study should be carried out to study the effect of fogging on some crop parameters. It is recommended that an efficient ventilation system that can perform optimally to meet the greenhouse requirement especially under fogging system should be designed and installed. There should be a proper drainage for the greenhouse where fogging system is used, majorly, a floored greenhouse. RECOMMENDATIONS

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