painting in architecture

this pptx on topic painting in architecture in jmi

1. PAINTINGS Painting is a mode of creative expression, and the forms are numerous. Drawing,  gesture,  composition,  narration , abstraction   , among other aesthetic modes, may serve to manifest the expressive and conceptual intention of the practitioner .  Paintings can be naturalistic and representational (as in a still life or landscape painting), photographic, abstract, narrative,  symbolist  (as in Symbolist art),  emotive (as in  Expressionism), or political in nature ) as in  Activism . A portion of the history of painting in both Eastern and Western art is dominated by spiritual motifs and ideas. Examples of this kind of painting range from artwork depicting  mythological figures on pottery, to  Biblical scenes rendered on the interior walls and ceiling of the Sistine Chapel, to scenes from the life of Buddha or other images of Eastern religious origin .

2. ARCHITECTURAL PAINTINGS Architectural painting is a form of  genre painting  where the predominant focus lies on architecture, both outdoors views and interiors. While architecture was present in many of the earliest paintings and illuminations, it was mainly used as background or to provide rhythm to a painting. In the Renaissance, architecture was used to emphasize the perspective and create a sense of depth. In Western art, architectural painting as an independent genre developed in the 16th century in Flanders and the Netherlands, and reached its peak in 16th and 17th century Dutch painting.

3. PRE-HISTORIC PERIOD PAINTINGS Prehistoric cave paintings have been discovered in many parts of the world, from Europe and Africa to Australia. Africa has some of the earliest paintings and rock engravings to have been securely dated .  Nearly 30,000 years old, they are discovered in 1969 on the rock face in a cave in Namibia. But the most numerous and the most sophisticated of prehistoric paintings are on the walls of caves in southwest France and northern Spain. It is said that the oldest paint in America was found in a cave in Baja California (6 to 12 thousand years old)  among many other caves with Great Murals; images of men and women, and wildlife are the most common paintings on this Mexican rock-shelters. Land animals depicted include rabbits, mountain sheeps , and deers , as well as marine mammals, fish, and shorebirds.

4. BAJA CALIFORNIA CAVE ART AT LASCAUX, FRANCE These paintings were made using  pigments inherent in variously coloured earths and powdered rock applied directly to the cave walls

5. RENAISSANCE General Features During the Renaissance, painters embraced  classicism  (simplicity, balance, clarity; see  Western Aesthetics ) and  physical realism . The  Early Renaissance  (led by Florence) was the  formative period  of this approach; in other words, it was Early Renaissance artists who initially developed and refined techniques of classicism and physical realism. Once this foundation had been established, the  pinnacle  of classicism was achieved in the  High Renaissance  (led by Rome). During the  Late Renaissance  (which had no particular leader, though both Florence and Rome remained primary forces), the severe balance and simplicity of the High Renaissance was  relaxed , presaging the Baroque era. A major strain of Late Renaissance art was  mannerism : the deliberate pursuit of novelty and complexity. In painting, mannerism entailed  distortion  of physical forms (e.g. elongated human anatomy),  unnatural   colouring and lighting, the arrangement of figures in  complex poses , and somewhat  imbalanced , restless composition (as opposed to the balanced, stable composition of pure classicism).23 Mannerism, which was led jointly by  Florence  and  Rome , was therefore quite contrived and artificial (i.e. "mannered"), hence its name. Though only a portion of Late Renaissance artists belonged to this movement, the features of mannerism (and its sheer willingness to "break the rules") were widely  influential

6. Painting Techniques of the Renaissance Painters in the Renaissance employed several different techniques to create works. Here are a few of the most important techniques and materials that were available to them Fresco A fresco is a done when pigments are mixed with water and applied to wet plaster. The pigments are absorbed into the wall as it dries, making the painting and the wall become one. The benefit of a fresco is durability; since the painting has become part of the wall, it does not wear in the same way that a painting does if pigments are applied topically. A major disadvantage is that because the artist works with wet plaster, he needs to work quickly before it dries. Also, colors tend to be opaque, and the finish has a matte appearance. The type of fresco on wet plaster (as described above) is sometimes called  buon fresco . Another type of fresco, called  fresco secco , involves the application of pigment to a dry wall. This, of course, lacks the durability of  buon fresco

7. Tempera Tempera is created when pigment is mixed with egg to produce a durable paint. The types of colors that painters could achieve with tempera was limited, but it was the medium of choice for most artists working in Italy until the late fifteenth century, when oil paints were adopted Oil Oil paints were widely adopted in Northern Europe in the first half of the fifteenth century, and they did not become popular in Italy until late in the century. Oil is slow drying, making it easy to make modifications while it dries. Unlike fresco painting, oil painting allowed artists to create translucent effects because oil could be applied lightly as a glaze. Oil paints also offered artists the ability to paint with a greater variety of colors that they could with other paint types, which allowed them to depict the human figure, architecture, and the natural environment in more and more realistic visual terms

8. GREEK PAINTINGS The most common and respected form of art, according to authors like Pliny or Pausanias, were panel paintings, individual, portable paintings on wood boards . The techniques used were  encaustic (wax ) painting and  tempera. Greek wall painting tradition is also reflected in contemporary grave decorations in the  Greek colonies  in  Italy , e.g. the famous  Tomb of the Diver  at  Paestum Macedonian tomb  fresco from  Agios Athanasios , Thessaloniki , Greece, 4th century BC Symposium  scene in the  Tomb of the Diver  at  Paestum , c. 480 BC Mural in the Tomb of the Diver

9. GOTHIC PAINTINGS Gothic period was practiced in four primary media :   frescos   panel paintings Manuscript illumination s tained glass . Hours of Jeanne d'Evreux , by  Jean Pucelle , Paris French late Gothic frescos

10. EGYPTIAN PAINTING Many ancient Egyptian paintings have survived in tombs, and sometimes temples, due to Egypt's extremely dry climate. The paintings were often made with the intent of making a pleasant afterlife for the deceased. The themes included journey through the afterworld or protective deities introducing the deceased to the gods of the underworld (such as Osiris). Some tomb paintings show activities that the deceased were involved in when they were alive and wished to carry on doing for eternity

11. Tomb Paintings show activities that the deceased were involved  in when they were alive and wished to carry on doing for eternity Depiction of craftworkers in ancient Egypt

12. MODERNISM PAINTINGS   Modernism describes both a set of cultural tendencies and an array of associated  cultural movements , originally arising from wide-scale and far-reaching changes to  Western society in the late 19th century and early 20th century. Modernism was a revolt against the conservative values of  realism .  The term encompasses the activities and output of those who felt the "traditional" forms of art, architecture, literature, religious faith, social organization and daily life were becoming outdated in the new economic, social and political conditions of an emerging fully industrialized world. A salient characteristic of modernism is self-consciousness. This often led to experiments with form, and work that draws attention to the processes and materials used (and to the further tendency of abstraction ). Impressionism The first example of modernism in painting was  impressionism , a school of painting that initially focused on work done, not in studios, but outdoors. Impressionist paintings demonstrated that human beings do not see objects, but instead see light itself

13. Other modernist styles include: Color Field Lyrical Abstraction Hard-edge painting Expressionism Cubism Pop art