Palaerarctic region.the zoogeographical separation and distribution of animals.several zoogeographical relams present

zoogeography mean that simply state that distribution of animals on the basics of geography.several zoogeography area present.palaearctic region have a special type of organisms distribution

1. Palaearctic region

2. introduction Ancient biogeographic region ( palae means old or ancient ) It is the largest zoogeographical region Consists Europe , North Africa ( to Sahara) , Asia ( except India , Pakistan , SE Asia ) and middle east. Palaearctic region is surrounded by oceans on the east , west and north , and on the south by ethiopian and oriental regions This region shows wide range of temperature fluctuations . It also shows wide range of fluctuation in the amount of rain fall – it supports good fauna It includes polar arctic region The region consist of deciduous and coniferous forests , grass land , and the fringe of thundra

3. Eco zone has numerous rivers – source of water for the earliest recorded civilization Has 4 sub regions 1. European 2. Siberian 3. Mediterranean 4. Manchurian

4. European sub region Comprises the central and northern Europe It is represented by 85 families of vertebrates Amphibians and reptiles are represented with 6 families each Myogale only one genus of mammal is present

5. Siberian sub region Northern Asia , Himalayas are included in it Includes 94 families of vertebrates Families of Musk deer and Moles are confined to this regions

6. Mediterranean sub region Consists remaining part of Europe , Africa and Arabia 124 families of terrestrial vertebrates Birds like Upupa and Pastor , mammals like Hyaena are common

7. Manchurian sub region Formed of Manchuria , Mongolia , Korea and japan Mammals like Tibetan Langur , Great Panda are common Region is supported by good fauna

8. Fresh water eco regions It includes rivers of Europe , rivers of Russia , Caspian seas , Siberian lakes , Baikal ( oldest and deepest lake on the planet ) , Japan's ancient lake Biwa

9. Faunal characteristics Palaearctic region has many affinities with temperate and boreal regions of the Nearctic ecoregion of north America Zoologist consider them as a single region called Holarctic region Animals belonging to 1. terrestrial vertebrates – 135 families 2. fresh water fishes – 13 families terrestrial vertebrates includes 1. 10 amphibian families 2. 24 reptilian families 3. 68 avian families 4. 33 mammalian families The richness of animal species is more in warmer areas One bird families , the accentors is endemic to the region

10. The holarctic region has 4 endemic bird families , namely Divers or Loons , Grouses , Auks , Waxwings No endemic mammalian orders in this region , but several families are endemic eg : Mouse – like Hamsters , Prolagidea , Red Pandas Several mammalian species originated in the palaearctic and spread to Nearctic during the ice ages , including B rown Bear , Red Deer , Elk , the American Bison and Rein Deer

11. Megafaunal Extinction Wooly mammoth , wooly rhinoceros , Cave Bear and Europian Lion

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