PALYNOLOGY IN RELATION TO TAXONOMY

It just a simple presentation on palynology in relation to taxonomy.Few examples with pictures and the features studied in taxonomy are pointed here.

1. PALYNOLOGY IN RELATION TO TAXONOMY

2. PALYNOLOGICAL FEATURES USED Pollen aperture Pollen shape Pollen nucleus number Pollen size Pollen sculpturing Pollen wall structure Pollen storage product Pollen unit

3. Examples Binucleate plant families: Tradescantia,commelinaceae family Chrysanthemum , asteraceae family

4. Trinucleate : caryophyllaceae ,pollen of pink family

5. Pollen storage product Poaceae :starch Sonneratiaceae:oil

6. Pollen unit Monad:Hibiscus trionum Dyad:ascarina , chloranthaceae Tetrad:ericaceae family

7. PTERIDOPHYTA Presence of perine:aspleniaceae,davillaceae Ectine surface is spinulose in psilotum and granulose in tmesipteris Marattia:simple and smallest spore among pteridophyte .

8. By ectine ornamentation of spore ,many species of selaginella had found by Knox 1938. eg : Tuberculate in s.concinna Spinose in s.fruticulosa Aspidiaceae:perine covering spores posses characteristic foldings .

9. GYMNOSPERMAE Trilete in cycadofilicales,monolete in cordiatales and bennettiales . Winged pollen characteristic to pinaceae . Cryptomeria:pappilate projection represent aperture,but it is weakly formed in cupressaceae . Markgraf produced a classification of genus Gnetum .

10. ANGIOSPERMAE FAMILIES: Stenopalynous ,grasses with pollen single pore surrounded by annulus and surmounted by operculum. Crucifers :3 colpate and reticulate pollen. Thick walled pollen of gyrostemonaceae is unparallel and thus seprated this from phytolacaceae .

11. Gyrostemonaceae Phytolacaceae

12. Bombaceae Betula pollen