panchagavya.pptx

Role of Panchagavya in field crops

1. MASTER’S SEMINAR ON ROLE OF PANCHAGAVYA IN FIELD CROPS Department of Agronomy Institute of Agriculture Science S O A (Deemed to be University) Bhubaneswar , Odisha Presented by: Sougata Mahanta M.sc.Ag (Agronomy) 4 th semester

2. Organic agriculture is a comprehensive production management system which promotes and enhances health of agro -ecosystem, including bio-diversity, soil biological activity and biological cycles. It gives importance to the use of management practices particularly theuse of off-farm inputs, taking into account that regional conditions require locally adapted systems (Raghavendra et al ., 2014) . Organic farming is based on the system-oriented approach and the use of organic liquid product like Panchagavya resulted in higher growth, yield and quality of crops and hence there had been an increasing interest in the use of liquid formulations. Panchagavya is a special preparation made from five by-products of cow ( cow dung, urine, milk, curd,ghee .) along with certain other ingredients, has the potential to play the role of promoting growth and providing immunity in plant system. INTRODUCTION 1

3. INGREDIENTS OF PANCHAGAVYA Cow dung-7 kg Cow ghee- 1 kg Cow urine- 3 lit Cow milk- 3 lit Cow curd-2 lit Water-10 lit Tender coconut water-3 lit Jaggery - 3 kg Well ripened banana-12 nos . . 2 Source: Borgohain et al .; 2020

4. FLOW CHART OF PANCHAGAVYA Mix thoroughly fresh cow dung (7kg) + Cow ghee (1 kg) Incubate for 2 days Add Cow urine (3 lit) + 10 lit of water Stir properly (morning and evening, daily for 1 week) Add Jaggery - 3 kg Add Cow milk (3 lit) Add Cow curd (2 lit) Add coconut water (3lit) Add 12 ripened bananas The whole mixture is to be incubated for two weeks and the preparation should be filtered through double layered muslin cloth and stored in bottle under refrigerator and used as and when required. 3

5. Chemical composition pH : 5.45 EC dSm 2 : 10.22 Total N (ppm) : 229 Total P (ppm) : 209 Total K (ppm) : 232 Sodium(ppm) : 90 Calcium(ppm) : 25 COMPOSITION OF PANCHAGAVYA Microbial Load Fungi : 38800/ml Bacteria : 1880000/ml Lactobacillus : 2260000/ml Total   anaerobes : 10000/ml Acid   formers : 360/ml Methanogen     : 250/ml Source: Chakraborty et al., 2019 Biochemical parameters IAA (ppm) : 8 .5 GA (ppm) : 3 .5 Cytokinin (µg/ml) : 3.12 Ascorbic Acid(µg/ml) : 13.00 4

6. RECOMMENDED DOSES OF PANCHAGAVYA Spray system- 3 % solution was found to be most effective compared to the higher and lower concentrations investigated. Three litres of Panchagavya to every 100 litre of water is ideal for all crops. The power sprayers of 10 litre capacity may need 300 ml/tank. When sprayed with power sprayer, sediments are to be filtered and when sprayed with hand operated sprayers, the nozzle with higher pore size has to be used. Flow system - Panchagavya can be mixed with irrigation water 50 lit/ha through drip irrigation. Seedling treatment- 3 % solution of panchagavya can be used to soak the seed before planting.Soaking for 20 min. is sufficient. Rhizomes of Turmeric, Ginger and sets of Sugarcane can be soaked for 30 minutes before planting. Seed storage- 3 % panchagavya solution can be used to dip the seeds before drying. General schedule of application of Panchagavya At Pre flowering phase : Once in 15 days At Flowering and pod setting stage : Once in 8-10 days At Fruit/Pod maturation stage : Once during fruit/pod maturation 5

7. Time of application of Panchagavya for different crops is given as follows: Crops Time schedule Rice 10,15,30 and 50th days after transplanting Sunflower 30,45 and 60 days after sowing Black gram Rainfed: 1st flowering and 15 days after flowering Irrigated: 15, 25 and 40 days after sowing Green gram 15, 25, 30, 40 and 50 days after sowing Castor 30 and 45 days after sowing Groundnut 25 and 30th days after sowing 6 Source: Selvaraj et al., 2007

8. Beneficial Effects of Panchagavya Panchagavya is a component of crop production and it plays a crucial role in each and every component of crop management like integrated soil fertility management, integrated pest management, integrated disease management Effect of panchagavya on plants Plants sprayed with Panchagavya habitually produce bigger leaves and develop denser canopy. Branching is relatively high. The rooting is prolific and intense. The roots spread and grow into deeper layers were also observed. 7

9. Effect of panchagavya on soil fertility Panchagavya improves fertility status in soils by increasing macronutrients, micronutrients and beneficial microorganisms thus increase soil health. It improves water holding capacity of soils because it acts as a organic manure. It encourages growth and reproduction of beneficial soil microorganisms It increases nutrient uptake in plants and enhances plant growth. Effect of panchagavya on pest and diseases It increases immunity power in plants thereby confers resistance against pest and diseases various beneficial metabolites produced by microorganisms such as organic acids, hydrogen peroxide and antibiotics, which are effective against various pathogenic microorganisms 8

10. 9 Effect of panchagavya in different crops Paddy Increases tillering Absence of chaffy grains Grain weight is increases by 20% Improved cooking quality Harvest is advanced by 15 days Reduced percentage of broken rice during milling Maize, Sorghum, Barley Increased plant growth Increased palatability Increases nutrients in plants Harvest is advanced by 10 days Source: Raghavendra et al., 2014

11. Problems, Constraints, Barriers and Difficulties in Adopting Panchagavya Lack of awareness about its uses Sometimes during fermentation contamination occurs Slow action Limited availability of its products in markets Iten courages weed growth also as it is non selective Less utilisation by farmers It may reduce quality of the produce sometimes 10

12. RESEARCH FINDING

13. TABLE 1 . EFFECT OF DOSES OF PANCHAGAVYA AND ITS STAGE OF APPLICATION ON GROWTH AND YIELD ATTRIBUTES OF ORGANIC BLACKGRAM Treatment Plant Height (cm) Dry Matter (g Plant -1 ) Leaf Area Index Number Of Pods Plant -1 Number Of Seeds Pod -1 Test Weight (g) control 27.00 6.29 1.48 19.11 5.32 33.58 Panchagavya 2% 29.82 6.52 1.56 23.54 5.51 34.75 Panchagavya 4% 35.89 7.20 1.92 27.42 6.78 38.46 Panchagavya 6% 33.03 6.75 1.63 24.99 6.11 35.97 Panchagavya 8% 31.24 6.65 1.60 24.66 5.80 35.86 Panchagavya 10% 30.87 6.56 1.58 23.99 5.73 35.41 C.D.5 % 1.44 0.39 0.20 1.42 0.52 2.11 Stage Of Panchagavya Application Branching 30.56 6.55 1.57 22.86 5.64 34.63 Flowering 30.38 6.45 1.52 23.50 5.69 34.96 Branching +Flowering 32.2 6.92 1.76 25.23 6.12 37.09 C.D.5 % 0.94 0.26 0.13 0.93 0.34 1.38 Choudhary et al. Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2017) 6(10): 1627-1632, Rajasthan 11

14. Table 2. EFFECT OF PANCHAGAVYA ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF CHICKPEA TREATMENT Plant height (cm) at 90 DAS Number of nodules/plant Seed yield (kg/ha) Stover yield (kg/ha) B:C ratio T 1 =Foliar spray of panchagavya @2% at branching stage 47.4 7.90 1609 2016 2.54 T 2 =Foliar spray of panchagavya @2% at flowering stage 45.6 5.87 1582 1863 2.49 T 3 =Foliar spray of panchagavya@2% at branching+ flowering stage 47.7 8.83 1664 2107 2.56 T 4 = Foliar spray of panchagavya@4% at branching stage 51.6 12.73 1934 2364 3.00 T 5 =Foliar spray of panchagavya @4% at flowering stage 50.7 11.20 1880 2323 2.92 T 6 =Foliar spray of panchagavya @4% at branching+flowering stage 54.9 15.67 2054 2483 3.05 T 7 =Foliar spray of panchagavya @6% at branching stage 49.6 10.60 1721 2121 2.62 T 8 =Foliar spray of panchagavya @6% at flowering stage 48.6 10.07 1677 2110 2.56 T 9 =Foliar spray of panchagavya @6% at branching+flowering stage 50.7 11.33 1760 2175 2.53 T 10 =RDF(20-40-0 NPK kg/ha) 52.7 13.90 1973 2397 2.87 C.D.at 5 % 5.2 1.68 308 331 Gaur et al, , International Journal of Chemical Studies 2017; 5(2): 265-26 , Gujarat 12

15. TABLE 3. : GROWTH ATTRIBUTES OF COWPEA AS INFLUENCED BY PANCHAGAVYA . Treatment Plant height (cm) Number of branches Number of leaves Leaf area(cm 2 ) Leaf area index P -Control 59.51 6.42 19.91 697.03 1.03 P 1 -Panchagavya 2.5% 59.66 6.91 21.00 778.84 1.15 P 2 -Panchagavya 5% 64.01 7.40 22.73 831.99 1.23 P 3 -Panchagavya 7.5% 61.41 7.63 24.16 929.38 1.38 CD(P=0.05) 4.04 0.43 1.31 69.24 0.10 Sutar et al. International Journal an legume research (2018) 6(42): Bengaluru 13

16. TABLE 4 : EFFECT OF PANCHAGAVYA FOLIAR SPRAY ON THE GROWTH OF GREENGRAM CV. K-851 (POT CULTURE) Treatments Root (cm) Shoot (cm) Total R/s ratio No. of lateral roots No. of root nodules Control 9.60 9.18 18.78 1.045 16.4 11.8 Panchagavya 2% 9.87 11.06 20.93 0.892 19.2 14.9 Panchagavya 3% 10.40 12.74 23.14 0.816 24.8 16.6 Panchagavya 4% 8.28 10.68 18.96 0.775 18.4 18.0 Panchagavya 5% 10.52 11.34 21.86 0.927 20.4 22.2 Kumaravelu et.al , Int. J. Plant Sci.,4 (2),(2009), Puducherry 14

17. 15 Treatment Plant height (Cm) Number of leaves( nos ) Dry matter accumulation (G/m2) Leaf area index (Lai) Crop growth rate (G/m2/day) 80 kg N + 60 kg P + 40 kg K (control) 88 8.36 670.3 6.59 16.29 40 kg N + 3 sprays of 4% panchagavya 91.4 8.6 736.96 6.4 18.52 40 kg N + 4 sprays of 3% panchagavya 99.87 9 651.79 5.17 16.29 40 kg N + 4 sprays of 4% panchagavya 101.6 9.13 540.69 6.48 13.33 60 kg N + 3 sprays of 4% panchagavya 114.7 9.53 803.62 5.06 19.63 60 kg N + 4 sprays of 3% panchagavya 117.67 9.27 1466.52 8 41.48 60 kg N + 4 sprays of 4% panchagavya 82.6 8.8 959.16 5.05 24.07 80 kg N + 3 sprays of 4% panchagavya 92.07 9.6 888.8 5.28 13.33 80 kg N + 4 sprays of 3% panchagavya 114.07 8.87 951.76 5.5 22.96 80 kg N + 4 sprays of 4% panchagavya 107 9.27 744.37 5.85 21.48 Cd (p = 0.05) 20.73 100.72 1.28 12.16 Table 5: Effect Of Different Levels Of Nitrogen And Panchagavya On Growth Attributes Of Babycorn . Sreethu et al. International Quarterly Journal of Life Sciences 15(2): 243-246, 2020 : (U.P.)

18. TABLE 6 . EFFECT OF DOSES OF PANCHAGAVYA AND ITS STAGE OF APPLICATION ON YIELD AND ECONOMICS OF ORGANIC BLACKGRAM TREATMENT Seed Straw Biological Harvest index (%) Gross return ( ₹ ha- 1 ) Net return ( ₹ ha -1 ) B:C ratio Doses of panchagavya control 519 1272 1791 29 58918 36918 1.68 Panchagavya 2% 686 1512 2198 31 76914 54614 2.45 Panchagavya4% 801 1735 2536 32 89642 67042 2.96 Panchagavya 6% 715 1534 2249 32 79926 57026 2.49 Panchagavya 8% 697 1519 2217 32 78068 54868 2.36 Panchagavya 10% 690 1505 2195 32 77322 53822 2.42 C.D.5 % 57 168 193 31 6063 6063 0.27 YIELD (Kg/Ha -1 ) Choudhary et al . Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2017) 6(10): 1627-1632, Rajasthan 16

19. TABLE 7: EFFECT OF SOIL APPLIED PANCHAGAVYA AND FOLIAR APPLIED LEAF EXTRACTS YIELD AND ECONOMICS OF GROUNDNUT Treatment *Quantity of panchagavya (l/ha) Pod yield (kg/ha) Halum yield (kg/ha) Biological yield (kg/ha) Total cost ( ₹/ha) Gross cost (₹/ha) Net return ( ₹/ha) Levels of soil applied panchagavya Control 1266 1532 2798 16518 43319 26801 One litre/m 2 648 1721 2320 4041 24576 59887 35311 Two litre/m 2 1296 2149 2814 4962 35635 74405 41771 Three litre/m 2 1944 2347 2960 5307 40693 80803 40110 CD (P=0.05) 130 113 242 6881 1927 * Quantity of panchgavya excluding dilution with water (15 times with water); Interaction is non-significant. Kumawat et al . Journal of Food Legumes 26 (1&2), ( 2013) , Rajasthan 17

20. Table 8 . EFFECT OF DIFFERENT NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT TECHNIQUE ON GRAIN YIELD & STRAW YIELD OF FOXTAIL MILLET - Grain yield(kg/ha) Straw yield(kg/ha) T 1 RDF(40:20:0)NPK kg/ha 1014 2689 T 2 FYM 12.5 t/ha 902 2279 T 3 FYM+RDF 1131 3101 T 4 Enriched FYM 750 kg/ha 1073 2932 T 5 Enriched FYM+RDF 1526 4166 T 6 Enriched FYM+3% Panchagavya one spray at 20 DAS 1224 3656 T 7 Enriched FYM+3% Panchagavya two spray at 20 and 40 DAS 1461 4007 T 8 Enriched FYM+RDF+3% Panchagavya one spray at 20 DAS 1739 4750 CD (P=0.05) 154.3 442.9 Treatment Krishnamurthy el al. International Journal of Chemical Studies 2019; 7(2) 2121-2123 ; Tamil Nadu 18

21. TABLE 9. EFFECT OF LIQUID MANURE ON YIELD ATTRIBUTES, YIELD AND B:C OF SUMMER GREEN GRAM TREATMENT YIELD ATTRIBUTES YIELD B.C No of pod/plant No of seed/pod Test weight (gm) Grain yield (Kg/ha) Stover yield (Kg/ha) Harvest index (%) T 1 ( Jivamrut + FYM) 22.2 10.0 35.5 959.7 2887.9 24.94 2.64 T 2 ( Sanjivak + FYM) 20.9 10.0 32.2 716.1 2194.8 24.60 2.42 T 3 ( Panchagavya +FYM) 25.1 11.1 37.1 1085.4 3224.1 25.18 2.98 T 4 (Cow urine + FYM) 19.4 9.9 35.3 661.2 1935.1 25.48 2.03 T 5 (Cow urine + Vermiwash +FYM) 20.7 10.1 34.5 743.2 2258.7 24.75 2.41 T 6 ( Vermiwash +FYM) 20.1 9.6 36.5 682.9 2228.1 23.45 2.12 T 7 (Vermicompost +FYM) 23.5 10.5 35.6 1011.5 3036.9 24.98 2.84 T 8 (Control) 17.7 9.0 35.6 312.9 1917.1 14.03 1.01 CD (P=0.05) 1.73 0.59 1.51 92.81 129.19 Chongre et al.; , CJAST, 38(6): 1-7, 2019; Nadia, West Bengal 19

22. CONCLUSION ` Panchagavya is used as fertilizers and pesticides in agricultural operations. Panchagavya is an organic product recommended for the improvement in organic agriculture. Cow dung is being used for different purposes from the ancient time and has a significant role in crop growth because of the content in humid compounds and fertilizing bio elements available. Panchagavya improves fertility status in soils by increasing macronutrients, micronutrients and beneficial microorganisms thus increase soil health. It improves water holding capacity of soils because it acts as organic manure. The beneficial microorganisms from Panchagavya and their establishment in the soil improved the sustainability of agriculture as the microorganisms presenting the rhizosphere environment around the roots influence the plant growth and crop yield . 20

23. REFERENCES Gaur PM, Tripathi S, Gowda CLL, Ranga GV, Sharma HC, Pande S et al. Chickpea seed production manual . Patanchaeru , 502 324, Andhra Pradesh, India: International Crop Research Institute for Semi-Arid Tropics, 2010, 28. Gopal Lal Choudhary , S.K. Sharma, Kendra Pal Singh, Sanju Choudhary and Bazaya , B.R. 2017. Effect of Panchagavya on Growth and Yield of Organic Blackgram [ Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper ]. Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci . 6 (10): 1627-1632. Krishnamurthy L, HD Upadhyaya , CLL Gowda , J Kashiwagi , R Protohuman , S Singh et al. Large variation for salinity tolerance in the core collection of foxtail millet ( Setaria italica (L.) P. Beauvois ) Germplasm . Crop and Pasture Science. 2014; 65 (4):353–361. Rajesh, M., and Kaliyamoorthy , J. 2013. Changes in morphological, biochemical and yield parameters of Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper due to panchagavya spray . International Journal of Modern Plant & Animal Sciences, 1 (2): 82-95. Sangeetha , V., and Thevanathan , R. 2010. Effect of panchagavya on nitrate assimilation by experimental plants. Journal of American Science, 6 (2): 76-82 . 21

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