Panchayati raj

Panchayati Raj

1. When the panchayat raj is established, public opinion will do what violence can never do.     — Mahatma Gandhi

2. PANCHAYAT RAJ SYSTEM IN INDIA -  THE 73RD CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENT ACT 1992 A three-tier structure of the Indian administration for rural development commonly known as Panchayati Raj. It aims to develop local self-governments in districts, zones, and villages. Panchayati Raj institutes plays a significant role in the development of villages especially in areas like primary education, health, agricultural developments, women and child development and women participation in local government,  etc  hence Rural development is one of the main objectives of Panchayati Raj. 

3. The main features of the Act  1. To provide three-tier system of  Panchayati Raj  for all States  2. To hold  Panchayat  elections regularly every five years, 3. Provision of reservation of seats for Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes and women at three different levels of the Panchayati raj. 4. Establishment of State Finance Commissions to recommend measures to improve the finances of panchayats; 5. Establishment of State Election Commissions to conduct an election to the PRIs;  6. Establishment of District Planning Committees to prepare development plans for the districts;  7. To prepare plans for economic development and social justice and their execution concerning 29 subjects listed in the 11th Schedule of the Constitution;  8. Establishment of Grama Sabha and their empowerment as a decision making body at the village level; and 9. Rotation in accordance with the reservation of seats for women and the Scheduled Castes in the PRIs.

4. THE THREE TIER STRUCTURE OF PANCHAYATI RAJ INSTITUTION I) Gram Panchayats at village level. II) Panchayat Samiti at block level. III) Zilla Parishad at district level.

5. GRAM PANCHAYAT Gram Panchayat is a basic village institute which is a formal and democratic structure at grass root level in the country. It acts as a cabinet of the village. The members of the Gram Panchayat are elected by the Gram Sabha. The Gram Sabha functions as the general body of the Gram Panchayat.

6. Panchayat Samiti This is the second tier above the Gram Panchayat and under the Zilla Parishad. The social welfare development  programmes  are organized by officials and non-officials of Panchayat Samiti with the help of a voluntary institution at Block level. This intermediate body at the block level is known by different names in different states.

7. Zilla Parishad It is a local self-government unit at district level. Panchayat Samiti forms a link between the Gram Panchayat and Zilla Parishad. The Zilla Parishad is a link between the State government and the Gram Panchayats. The Zilla Parishad is also known by different names in different States, like District Development Council.

8. References: -  Panchayati Raj System in India (jagranjosh.com) -  https://www.drishtiias.com/important-institutions/drishti-specials-important-institutions-national-institutions/panchayati-raj-institution-pri -  Panchayati Raj System in India - Evolution, Objectives, Types of Committees (byjus.com) - All About India’s Panchayati Raj System - Rural Marketing - Video link: https://youtu.be/AC-p5q60asc

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