Pancreas endocrine function ppt

Basic of Thyroid gland for B.Pharm student

1. ENDOCRINE SYSTEM (Pancreas) Mr N.JEGAN Associate Professor K.M.COLLEGE OF PHARMACY. MADURAI.

2. Pancreas- Location Location: In abdominal cavity behind stomach and below Liver.

3. Pancreas- Structure Colour - Pale grey gland , Weight - 60 grams. It consists of a broad head, a body and a narrow tail Head lies in the curve of the duodenum(Small intestine). Body behind the stomach. Tail lies in front of the left kidney.

4. Pancreas-Structure It Consists of two major types of secretary tissues which reflects its dual function Exocrine function of Pancreas Secretes digestive juice to small intestine for Digestion. Endocrine gland function of Pancreas It releases hormones from islet cells (islets of Langerhans) in pancreas.

5. Pancreas- Internal Structure(Endocrine gland) The cells which make up the pancreatic islets (islets of Langerhans) are found in group of cell irregularly distributed throughout the pancreas .

6. Pancreas- Islets of Langerhans Three types of cells in the pancreatic islets : α (alpha) cell β (beta) cell δ (delta) cell

7. The islets of Langerhans-Hormones It secrete three hormones from the cells of islets of langerhans. α (alpha) cell - Glucagon β (beta) cell - Insulin δ (delta) cell - Somatostatin

8. Hormones-Functions Glucagon It increase the blood sugar by - Stimulate Breakdown of glycogen to glucose (Glycogen is the storage form of Glucose in liver) called Glycogenolysis. - Stimulate the formation of glucose from Amino acids and Glycerol (Gluconeogensis)

9. Glucagon

10. Hormones-Functions Insulin It lower the Blood sugar level by Stimulating uptake and use of glucose by muscle and connective tissue cells. Increasing conversion of glucose to glycogen in Liver. promoting synthesis of fatty acids and storage of fat in adipose tissue.

11. Insulin

12. Islets of Langerhans- Maintanence of blood sugar

13. Hormones-Functions Somatostatin It control the secretion of glucagon and insulin

14. DISORDERS OF THE PANCREATIC ISLETS Diabetes mellitus This is due to deficiency or absence of insulin. Two types of Diabetes mellitus 1. Type I, insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). 2. Type II , non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM).

15. Type I-Diabetes mellitus This occurs mainly in children and young adults. The deficiency or absence of insulin is due to the destruction of beta-islet cells. Increase the blood sugar level The causes are unknown but mostly genetically.

16. Type II-Diabetes mellitus This is the most common form of diabetes, occur 90% diabetic cases. Insulin secretion below the normal Increase the blood sugar level Symptoms: Frequent urination, Unusual thirst Extreme hunger , Unusual weight loss Blurred vision Cuts that are slow to heal Tingling/numbness in the hands/feet

17. Diabetes mellitus

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