Pandemic lessons learnt by dr. keyur mahajan.pptx

Dr Keyur Mahajan
this PPT describes the lessons learnt during Pandemic covid 19

1. PANDEMIC LESSONS LEARNT

2. WHAT IS PANDEMIC A  pandemic  is an epidemic of an  infectious disease  that has a sudden increase in cases and spreads across a large region, for instance multiple  continents or worldwide, affecting a substantial number of individuals.

3. Plague of Athens (430 to 426 BC) During the Peloponnesian War, an epidemic killed a quarter of the Athenian troops and a quarter of the population. This disease fatally weakened the dominance of Athens, but the sheer virulence of the disease prevented its wider spread; i.e., it killed off its hosts at a rate faster than they could spread it.

4. Pieter Bruegel’s painting The Triumph of Death (c. 1562) reflects the social upheaval and terror that followed the plague, which devastated medieval Europe

5. Black Death (1331 to 1353) Also known as the Second Plague Pandemic. The total number of deaths worldwide is estimated at 75 to 200 million. Starting in Asia, the disease reached the Mediterranean and western Europe in 1348 (possibly from Italian merchants fleeing fighting in Crimea) and killed an estimated 20 to 30 million Europeans in six years, a third of the total population, and up to a half in the worst-affected urban areas.

6. Depiction of the burial of bodies during the Black Death ( Second Plague Pandemic.) , which killed up to half of Eurasia's population in the 14th century.

7. 1817–1824 cholera pandemic Previously endemic in the Indian subcontinent, the pandemic began in Bengal, then spread across India by 1820. The deaths of 10,000 British troops were documented - it is assumed that tens of thousands of Indians must have died. The disease spread as far as China, Indonesia (where more than 100,000 people succumbed on the island of Java alone) and the Caspian Sea before receding. Subsequent cholera pandemics during the 19th century are estimated to have caused many millions of deaths globally

8. The 1918–1920 Spanish flu Infected half a billion people around the world, including on remote Pacific islands and in the Arctic—killing 20 to 100 million. Most influenza outbreaks disproportionately kill the very young and the very old, but the 1918 pandemic had an unusually high mortality rate for young adults.

9. American Red Cross workers carry a body during the 1918–20 "Spanish flu" pandemic.

10. The Red Cross recommended two-layer gauze masks to contain the Spanish flu

11. 1918 Chicago newspaper headlines reflect mitigation strategies for the Spanish flu, such as increased ventilation, arrests for "open-face sneezes and coughs", sequenced inoculations, limitations on crowd size, selective closing of businesses, curfews, and lockdowns

12. Antonine Plague (165 to 180 AD): Possibly measles or smallpox brought to the Italian peninsula by soldiers returning from the Near East, it killed a quarter of those infected, up to five million in total.

13. HIV/AIDS HIV/AIDS was first identified as a disease in 1981, and is an ongoing worldwide public health issue. Since then, HIV/AIDS has killed an estimated 40 million people with a further 630,000 deaths annually; 39 million people are currently living with HIV infection. HIV has a zoonotic origin, having originated in nonhuman primates in Central Africa and transferred to humans in the early 20th century.

14. The COVID-19 pandemic (also known as the coronavirus pandemic and COVID pandemic), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), began with an outbreak of COVID-19 in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. It spread to other areas of Asia, and then worldwide in early 2020. The World Health Organization (WHO) declared the outbreak a public health emergency of international concern (PHEIC) on 30 January 2020, and assessed the outbreak as having become a pandemic on 11 March. COVID 19

15. Masks are useful tools Not everyone practiced preventive measures such as mask wearing, maintaining a 6-foot distance, and washing hands frequently. Masks are a key COVID-19 prevention strategy because they provide a barrier that can keep respiratory droplets from spreading.

16. MASK- lessons learned

17. TeleHealth might become the new normal Doctors and patients who have used telehealth (technology that allows them to conduct medical care remotely), found it can work well for certain appointments, ranging from cardiology check-ups to therapy for a mental health condition. Many patients who needed a medical test have also discovered it may be possible to substitute a home version.

18. Vaccines are powerful tools LOTS OF CONTROVERSIES.... EVEN AMONG MEDICAL PROFESSIONALS... ITS NOT A MAGIC BULLET WHICH WILL KILL EVERY DISEASE...BUT YET IT IS A VERY POWERFULL TOOL INDIA HAS SHOWN ITS VACCINE POWER TO ALL OVER THE WORLD DURING THIS PERIOD

19. Vaccination- lessons learned Accelerated Development Process Collaboration between scientists, researchers, and governments Streamlined regulatory processes for faster approval Utilization of new technologies such as mRNA vaccines Vaccine Distribution and Equity Importance of equitable distribution to ensure global immunity Addressing vaccine hesitancy through education and outreach programs Prioritizing vulnerable populations for vaccination

20. Monitoring and Surveillance Continued monitoring of vaccine efficacy and safety post-approval Enhanced surveillance systems for early detection of vaccine side effects Integration of real-time data to inform future vaccine strategies Implications for Future Pandemics Preparedness and Response Establishment of global pandemic response frameworks Investment in research and development for emerging pathogens Strengthening healthcare systems to handle future pandemics Global Cooperation Collaboration between countries for sharing resources and knowledge Establishing a coordinated approach for vaccine development and distribution Addressing vaccine nationalism to ensure global health security

21. Making adjustments People have practiced self-care in a multitude of ways during the pandemic as they were forced to adjust to new work schedules. Even children had to make multiple adjustments in their lives lIke - online schools, reduced outdoor activities, they also had to face consequences due to parental mental stress

22. We need to take mental health seriously There was a rise in reported mental health problems that have been described as “a second pandemic,” highlighting mental health as an issue that needs to be addressed.

23. We have the capacity for resilience I think inherently, we have the means to deal with crisis. The fact that you and I are speaking right now is the result of our ancestors surviving hardship. I think resilience is part of our psyche. It's part of our DNA, essentially.

24. Community is essential—and technology is too People who were part of a community during the pandemic realized the importance of human connection , and those who didn’t have that kind of support realized they need it. Family and friends are very important Loneliness has been found to suppress the immune system and be a precursor to some diseases

25. Sometimes you need a dose of humility We have to take these pathogens seriously . We know that COVID-19 is not the flu. All these strokes and clots, and the loss of smell and taste that have gone on for months are things that we could have never known or predicted. So, you have to have respect for the unknown and respect science , but also try to give scientists the benefit of the doubt.

26. Millions still can't access the medical interventions they need to fight killer diseases What the pandemic demonstrated with horrifying clarity is the extreme inequity in access to medical interventions across the planet, and not just those related to COVID-19. Supply chain issues made it even harder for some to access the health care they need, and according to a  World Health Organization report in April 2023 , access to medicines for non-communicable diseases such as diabetes and cancer was drastically cut during the pandemic. While preparing for a next infectious disease pandemic is important, it's critical too that ensuring equitable access to treatments for chronic diseases is fundamental .

27. Pandemic fatigue is understood as a natural and expected reaction to sustained and unresolved adversity in people's everyday life. Those affected show symptoms of feeling burnt out and tired, while also expressing feelings of demotivation to engage in protection behaviors and seek COVID-19 related information as complacency, alienation and hopelessness.

28. how did the pandemic affect children’s health and habits? Increased frequency of home cooking One positive outcome has emerged from the crisis: more families started cooking at home regularly. As COVID restrictions confined individuals to their households, the kitchen became a hub that brought families together. Home-cooked food usually contains less trans-fat, sugar and salt compared to ready-to-eat supermarket food or meals we order from delivery services. Therefore, cooking at home is a great way to improve our diets, which in turn can help us to reduce the risk of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes and even cancer,

29. Increased consumption of sweets  One in 5 parents who took part in WHO European Childhood Obesity Surveillance Initiative survey reported that their children began consuming more sweets, such as candies, cakes, ice cream, and pastries. Higher sugar intake is linked to an increased risk of dental caries and obesity, and provides energy without ensuring that children are getting the micronutrients they need for optimal growth and development. 

30. Decreased levels of active play for children  The restrictions imposed during the COVID-19 pandemic greatly reduced opportunities for children to engage in physical activity and outdoor play. Thirty per cent of children became less physically active during this period, missing out on the health benefits of activities such as cycling, playing cricket, football or running around in the park. 

31. LESSONS TO BE LEARNED

32. Humanity's memory is short, and what is not ever-present fades quickly We should not forget what cost we have paid to this pandemic

33. LESSONS LEARN IN SHORT

34. Public Health A. Importance of hygiene and sanitation B. Value of wearing masks and social distancing C. Need for efficient healthcare systems

35. Economic Impact A. Vulnerability of certain industries B. Importance of emergency savings C. Value of remote work and digitalization

36. Mental Health A. Impact of isolation and uncertainty B. Importance of self-care and seeking help C. Value of community support

37. Global Cooperation  A. Importance of international collaboration  B. Value of sharing resources and information  C. Need for preparedness for future pandemics

38. Prevention of future pandemics Prevention of future pandemics requires steps to identify future causes of pandemics and to take preventive measures before the disease moves uncontrollably into the human population. For example, influenza is a rapidly evolving disease which has caused pandemics in the past and has potential to cause future pandemics. WHO collates the findings of 144 national influenza canters worldwide which monitor emerging flu viruses. Virus variants which are assessed as likely to represent a significant risk are identified and can then be incorporated into the next seasonal influenza vaccine program.

39. The COVID-19 pandemic has taught us many lessons

40. THANK YOU