PANIPAT THERMAL POWER PLANT

THERMAL PPT

1. SAHIL ARORA 1213423 ME-B PANIPAT THERMAL POWER STATION TRAINING REPORT ON

2. INTRODUCTION The plant has been constructed in five stages as given below: Stage 1: Unit-1 110 MW Unit-2 110 MW Stage 2:Unit-3 110MW Unit-4 110MW Stage 3:Unit-5 210MW Unit-6 210MW Stage 4:Unit-7 250MW Unit-8 250MW Total Generation Capacity 1360MW

3. Basic Idea of Electricity Generation Coal is unloaded by electric traction system at Coal Yard Coal is crushed to finer pieces of order 20 mm Pulverization of Coal Coal is send to furnace with the help of FD fan Steam is generated at 540°C and 135 kg/ sq.m Steam is send to Super heater Superheated steam is send to turbine Production of Electricity by the generator coupled with

4. Elements Of Thermal Power St ation DM Plant Deaerator Boiler feed pump Economizer Air Pre-Heater Boiler Super heater Turbine Condenser

5. COAL FEEDING SYSTEM Coal is conveyed through rail wagon from out side of plant and through conveyor system collected in hopper and ground to a very fine powder by large metal spheres in the pulverised fuel mill. Conveyor Coal Hopper Pulverised Mill Wagon Tippler

6. COAL FEEDING SYSTEM Then it is mixed with preheated air driven by the forced draught fan. The hot air-fuel mixture is forced at high pressure into the boiler. Air Pre-heater Forced Draft Fan

7. BOILER A boiler or steam generator is a device used to create steam by applying heat energy to water. The steam generator or boiler is an integral component of a steam engine when considered as a prime mover; The boiler is a furnace on a side. Its walls are made of a web of high pressure steel tubes. Pulverized coal is air-blown into the furnace from fuel nozzles at the four corners and it rapidly burns, forming a large fireball at the center. The thermal radiation of the fireball heats the water that circulates through the boiler tubes near the boiler perimeter. The water circulation rate in the boiler is three to four times the throughput and is typically driven by pumps. As the water in the boiler circulates it absorbs heat and changes into steam at 700 °F (371 °C) and 3,200 psi . It is separated from the water inside a drum at the top of the furnace.

8. 8 November 2015 PMI Revision 00 9 BOILER FEED PUMP NDE BEARING DE BEARING SOLE PLATE (BASE PLATE) FOUNDATION BOLT KEY SLEEVE 18

9. ASH HANDLING SYSTEM At the bottom of the furnace, there is a hopper for collection of bottom ash. This hopper is always filled with water to quench the ash and clinkers falling down from the furnace. Some arrangement is included to crush the clinkers and for conveying the crushed clinkers and bottom ash to a storage site.

10. SUPER HEATER In a power plant, after the steam is conditioned by the drying equipment inside the steam drum, it is piped from the upper drum area into tubes inside an area of the furnace known as the super heater , which has an elaborate set up of tubing where the steam vapor picks up more energy from hot flue gases outside the tubing and its temperature is now superheated above the saturation temperature. The superheated steam is then piped through the main steam lines to the valves before the high pressure turbine. Superheated steam is steam at a temperature higher than water's boiling point. If saturated stream is heated at constant pressure, it increases toward 100% Dry Saturated Steam. Continued heat input will then generate superheated steam. This will occur if saturated steam contacts a surface with a higher temperature. The steam is then described as superheated by the number of degrees it has been heated above saturation temperature

11. STEAM TURBINE The hot reheat steam is conducted to the intermediate pressure turbine where it falls in both temperature and pressure and exits directly to the long-bladed low pressure turbines and finally exits to the condense A steam turbine is a mechanical device that extracts thermal energy from pressurized steam, and converts it into rotary motion. The steam turbine is a form of heat engine that derives much of its improvement in thermodynamics efficiency through the use of multiple stages in the expansion of the steam.

12. Type of Oil Pumps: Main Oil Pump (MOP) : The MOP is situated in the front bearing pedestal and supplies the entire turbine with oil i.e. used for bearing lubrication, cooling the shaft journal and thrust bearing. It is driven by the turbine and develops the rated discharge pressure at 90-95% rated speed. The main pump is sized tot eh meet the normal requirements of Lubrication, Seal Oil and Governing System. Auxiliary Oil Pump (AOP) : It supplies the oil requirements of the turbo set during start-ups and shutdowns. The oil pump can either be switched on manually or automatically through pressure switches, which operate when the oil pressure drops to approximately 60% of the normal value. The setting of the pressure switches is staggered so that one pump comes into operation before the other one with second one remaining in reserve. The pump continues to remain available for emergency service through the automatic control system. It is stopped after the turbo generator set has come to full speed and main oil pump has taken over. Turbine Oil System Mineral oil with additives (for increasing the resistance to corrosion and aging) is used as a fluid for actuating the governing system, lubrication of bearings and seal oil to generator seals. During normal operation the main oil pump supplies oil at pressure 8 bar approx. to the lubrication seal oil system and governing system. The oil system fulfills the following functions: Lubricating and cooling the bearings. Driving the hydraulic turning gear during interruption operation, on startup and shutdown. Jacking up the shaft at low speed.

13. D.C. Emergency Oil Pump (EOP) : It is standby pump, which can be started manually or automatically through pressure switch when the tube oil pressure drops to 50% of the normal value. This happens only when main and auxiliary pumps fail to operate or there is a break down in the electricity supply system to the pumps. This pump should therefore be fed from station batteries. It has to be in operation and cater to the need of bearing lubrication and cooling of journals. Jacking Oil Pump (JOP) : When the set is stationary, the shafts come into metallic contact with the bottom bearing lining. The normal bearing oil supply at low speeds is unable to penetrate to these surfaces and considerable force is required to initiate rotation of the shaft from rest. This is overcome by forcing high pressure oil through bottom bearing shell, thereby lifting the shaft in the bearings and allowing an oil film to form. Now shaft can be set in motion by application of considerably smaller force. This is a high pressure and low discharge pump.

14. ROTORS

15. CONDENSER Condenser is a device or unit used to condense a substance from its gaseous to its liquid state, typically by cooling it. The exiting steam from steam turbine, now a little above its boiling point, is brought into thermal contact with cold water (pumped in from the cooling tower) in the condenser. where it condenses rapidly back into water, creating near vacuum-like conditions inside the condenser chest. Water Cooled Condenser Air Cooled Condenser

16. COOLING TOWER Cooling towers are heat removal devices used to transfer process waste heat to the atmosphere. Cooling towers either use the evaporation of water to remove process heat and cool the working fluid or in the case of closed circuit dry cooling towers rely solely on air to cool the working fluid. Natural Draft Cooling Tower

17. DE AREATOR De Areator The condensed water is then passed by a feed pump through a deaerater . A deaerator is a device that is widely used for the removal of air and other dissolved gases from the feed water to steam-generating boiler.

18. ECONOMISER Economiser Pre-warmed water first enter in a feed heater powered by steam drawn from the high pressure set, and then in the economiser Economizer are mechanical devices intended to reduce energy consumption, or to perform another useful function like preheating a fluid. Economizer is a flue gas to water heat exchanger. Usually it is located below the LPSH in the boiler and above Air pre heater. Outside surface of the economizer tubes are heated by flue gases leaving the superheater and reheater which subsequently transfer heat to feed water flowing inside the tubes. Advantages of Economizer include 1) Fuel economy: – used to save fuel and increase overall efficiency of boiler plant. 2) Reducing size of boiler: – as the feed water is preheated in the economizer and enter boiler tube at elevated temperature. The heat transfer area required for evaporation reduced considerably.

19. CHIMNEY Exhaust gas from electrostatic precipitator vented through the chimney tack. A chimney is a structure for venting hot gases or smoke from a boiler, furnace or fireplace to the outside atmosphere. A chimney is a vertical structure for venting hot flue gases or smoke from a boiler to the outside atmosphere by means of the stack effect. The space inside a chimney is called a flue . The height of chimneys plays a role in their ability to transfer flue gases using stack effect. The dispersion of pollutants at higher altitude helps to ease down its influence on surroundings and reduces their concentrations in compliance with regulatory limits.

20. SWITCHYARD A switch yard is a part of an electrical generation, transmission,  system. Switchyard transform voltage from high to low, or the reverse, or perform any of several other important functions.

21. CONTROL ROOM A control room  is a room serving as a centre where a large physical facility or physically dispersed service can be monitored and controlled.

22. Thank you