Paraphrasing, English for academic and Professional Purposes.pptx

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1. Paraphrasing is putting text into your own words while retaining the original meaning

2. T he PARA acronym: P ut the text in your own words. A void copying the text. R earrange similar text. A sk yourself if you included all the important points.

3. P ut the text in your own words. - This step emphasizes the importance of restating the original content using your vocabulary and phrasing. When paraphrasing, simply replacing words with synonyms is not sufficient; the entire structure and language need to be transformed. This practice encourages deeper understanding and personal engagement with the material.

4. For example, if the original text states, " The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog ," an effective paraphrase would be, " A fast, dark-colored fox leaps over a sluggish dog ." This approach helps ensure that the paraphrase reflects your unique expression while maintaining the original meaning.

5. A void copying the text. While it might be tempting to replicate parts of the original text, effective paraphrasing requires you to refrain from direct copying . This avoids issues of plagiarism and demonstrates your comprehension of the material. By focusing on understanding and interpretation instead of repetition, you can create an authentic and original voice in your writing.

6. To practice this, read the original text thoroughly, then set it aside and write your version from memory. This technique encourages mental processing of the information, making it less likely to pull phrases verbatim from the original.

7. Rearrange Similar Text Rearranging the structure of the sentences or paragraphs helps in creating a new flow while preserving the core ideas. This can involve changing the order of information presented or altering the sentence structure.

8. It illustrates that you understand the relationships between different ideas expressed in the text and can present them cohesively in a different format.

9. For instance, if a text first describes a cause and then the effect, you might choose to state the effect first, followed by the cause. This reorganization adds variety to your writing and avoids a formulaic reproduction of the original arrangement.

10. Ask Yourself If You Included All the Important Points After creat ing a paraphrase, it is crucial to evaluate whether you have captured all essential information and key concepts from the source. This ensures that the paraphrase is comprehensive and does not omit significant ideas that are integral to understanding the text.

11. Review the paraphrased text against the original to check for the presence of vital points. Asking questions like, "Have I represented the overall message?" and "Are there any critical details I have overlooked ?" is essential to ensure accuracy and completeness. This self-checking mechanism is a vital part of the paraphrasing process.

12. The 4R’s Strategy of Paraphrasing In essence, these 4 R's are the rules of paraphrasing, or the four pillars upon which your rephrased text should rest. Let's go over these rules, one by one.

13. 1. Read As the title suggests, we must read with an understanding of the text that we want to paraphrase because every sentence has a message you need to convey. You can't put the author's thoughts into your own words if you don't grasp the meaning of their words.

14. Each text has a point. Whether it is just a sentence, paragraph, or whole article, the first thing. You need to determine what its key concepts are. For instance, let's assume that you had a meeting.

15. 2. Don't paraphrase large passages . In order to paraphrase efficiently, it is smarter to start with little chunks of text. Strive to grasp what the writer's primary takeaway is and go from there.

16. 3. Don't paraphrase everything.  Your writing needs certain information intact for more effective results. 

17. 2. Restate After you have a firm grasp on the author's meaning, you can start rewriting. The most effective paraphrasing keeps the original meaning of the sentence while using different words.

18. Here are a few tips to help you start paraphrasing correctly while preserving the original intent: 1. Alter the word order by replacing words with synonyms. For instance, there are numerous ways to say "I'm tired": "I'm exhausted," "I'm worn out," "I'm drained"

19. 2. Reuse the core concepts while adding your own twists. When paraphrasing, you can literally do anything so long as you stay true to the original meaning. Let's take the same example to better explain this idea. "I'm so exhausted that my bones are aching." "I'm so drained that I can’t barely keep my head up right now." "I'm so tired that I can’t move."

20. 3 . Don't attempt to pass off your paraphrased version of a quote as the original author's work . This is crucial, as we must take care not to misrepresent the original meaning of any quotes or paraphrases included in our work. The point is to provide proof in support of our thesis, not to invent falsehoods, right?

21. 3. Recheck 'Recheck' is the 3rd stage of your paraphrasing process and requires the paraphrased text to be compared to the source text. Here, you need to make sure that your paraphrased version of the text conveys the same idea as the original text.

22. Here is an example. Do you think that these following sentences tell the same story? Original sentence: "I'm tired." Paraphrased sentence: "I'm so exhausted that my bones are aching." Indeed, they do. Both the original and the paraphrased sentences convey the meaning that someone is tired, but in different ways

23. 4. Repair At this point, it's all about making sure everything is in order. The 'Repair' stage is a final checkup where you are making sure that the original concept is preserved.

24. Here are some basic guidelines to follow when wrapping things up: 1. Are your sentences clear enough? Check if there are enough synonyms to avoid confusion in sentences. 2. Does your piece contain references to your sources? If you don't cite your sources, you can be accused of plagiarism. 3. Have you used the proper citation format? Paraphrased works must be referenced in a specific way when using various citation styles (MLA, APA, Chicago, etc.).

25. Sometimes we want to give the one we love the best things but situations do not allow us. Poverty will never be an obstacle in front of true love. Both characters, Della & John, sacrifice the most valuable materials in themselves. They bought Christmas gifts for each other. The gifts may be priced but their love is priceless.