PARIBHASHA ( TERMINOLOGY ) PAPER 1 , TOIPIC 2

Ayurvediya aushadhi nirman vigyana - PAPER -1 , CHAPTER 2

1. PARIBHASHA ( TERMINOLOGY ) ENLIST AND DISCUSS SANDIGDHA , KRUTRIMA, PRATINIDHI AND ANUPALABSHA DRVYA Dr Gururaj s varnale Assistant professor , Department of Rasashastra and BK Dhanwantari ayurveda medical college , Udgir ( M.S.)

2. IN AYURVEDA , ESPECIALLY IN THE BRANCHES OF RASASHASTRA (THE SCIENCE OF ALCHEMY AND MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS USING METALS AND MINERALS) AND BHAISHAJYA KALPANA (THE SCIENCE OF FORMULATION OF MEDICINES) The cognitive understanding of substances (Dravya) is crucial. The terms SANDIGDHA (DOUBTFUL) KRUTRIMA (ARTIFICIAL OR MAN-MADE) PRATINIDHI (REPRESENTATIVE) ANUPALABDHI (ABSENCE OR NON-COGNITION) Also have their relevance in this context, reflecting different types of cognitive knowledge in relation to medicinal substances

3. 1. SANDIGDHA DRAVYA ( DOUBTFUL SUBSTANCES ) DEFINITION : Sandigdha refers to a substance whose IDENTITY , PROPERTIES , OR AUTHENTICITY IS DOUBTFUL OR UNCLEAR. In Rasashastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana, this would pertain to medicinal ingredients that are EITHER ADULTERATED OR NOT PROPERLY IDENTIFIED . Example in Rasashastra : A sample of MINERAL HARITALA (ORPIMENT) that is not clearly distinguishable from similar-looking impurities or adulterants may cause doubt about its true nature. Impact in Bhaishajya Kalpana: If a herb’s authenticity is doubtful, the formulation’s efficacy can be compromised. For example, confusion between *Ashwagandha and a similar herb may lead to improper treatment outcomes .

4. 2. KRUTRIMA DRAVYA (ARTIFICIAL OR MAN-MADE SUBSTANCES) DEFINITION : Krutrima substances refer to those that are ARTIFICIALLY PREPARED OR SYNTHESIZED. In Rasashastra , this often refers to metallic preparations, like Bhasmas (calcinated metals or minerals), which are processed using various methods. Example in Rasashastra : Preparation of SWARNABHASMA (GOLD ASH) is a highly refined artificial process where raw gold is processed using herbal and mineral methods to create a potent medicine. Relevance in Bhaishajya Kalpana: Artificial or man-made substances may also include pharmaceutical compounds or substitutes for naturally unavailable herbs . FOR EXAMPLE, SYNTHETIC SUBSTITUTES FOR ENDANGERED HERBS LIKE KUTH OR JATAMANSI .

5. 3. PRATINIDHI DRAVYA (REPRESENTATIVE OR SUBSTITUTE SUBSTANCES) DEFINITION : Pratinidhi substances are those used as substitutes when the original substance is unavailable or rare. In Rasashastra , it could involve using alternative metals or minerals, while in Bhaishajya Kalpana, substitute herbs are used when the primary herb is difficult to procure. Example in Rasashastra : If * SVARNA (GOLD) is unavailable, RAJATABHASMA (SILVER ASH) may be used as a substitute in certain formulations, due to its similar guna (qualities) and actions. Relevance in Bhaishajya Kalpana: When herbs like * NAGAKESARA (MESUA FERREA) are rare, alternative herbs with similar properties, like MARICHA (BLACK PEPPER) , may be used in formulations.

6. 4 . ANUPALABDHI DRAVYA (NON-EXISTENCE OR ABSENCE OF SUBSTANCES)* DEFINITION : * Anupalabdhi refers to the absence or non-existence of a particular substance in a formulation or therapeutic context. This cognitive awareness helps in the understanding OF INCOMPLETE FORMULATIONS OR MISSING INGREDIENTS. Example in Rasashastra : The absence of a crucial PURIFYING AGENT IN THE PREPARATION OF A *BHASMA can render the preparation incomplete and ineffective. Relevance in Bhaishajya Kalpana: In formulations, if a specific herb is missing, the effectiveness of the compound may be compromised. For instance, the absence of * SHILAJIT I n a rejuvenating formulation would greatly reduce its potency.

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