Part 2 Product design and development ppt.pptx

Deals with the introduction of new products and/or modified products into the market.

1. Adigrat university College of Engineering and Technology Department of Chemical Engineering Course Title: Production and Project Management (ChEg5211) Credits: 5 ECTS Target Group: All 5 th year Chemical Engineering Students Academic year: 2017E.C Lecture note 1

2. Prepared by ​ Tekleweyni Gebremicael MSc. in Material Science and Engineering C ontact Address: [email protected]: [email protected] PPM

3. Product design and development Some example of products 3

4. Introduction Every Organization has to design, develop and introduce new products as a survival and growth strategy. Organizations objective of achieving growth of business is only through introduction of new products. Organizations are required to design the new products for the following reasons; • To be in business for a long time believing the fact that business is a long lasting institution • To satisfy unfulfilled needs of the customer • Company’s existing product line becomes saturated and the sales are on the d ecline. • To enter into new prospective businesses through diversification (related or unrelated • Too much competition in the existing product line • The profit margin is on the decline Product 4

5. Cont. Designing the physical manufacture of products involves three major phases or functions: marketing , design and product development and manufacturing . Lecture notes 5

6. Product life cycle is an indication of time spans vary from few weeks or months (for novelty and fashion goods) to years Introduction phase Maturity/saturation phase Growth phase Decline Phase Is an entirely new product in the market or old product to the new market Low demand and volume of product Invest more for advertisement Chances of product failures are high The sales growth reaches a point above which it will not grow This is due to the market share taken by the competitor’s products Thus , the sales will be maintained for some period Once the product passes through the introduction stage, the sales starts increasing because of the acceptability of the product by the customer The sales growth rate is high because of limited or no competition The competitors will enter the market with better product features, advanced technology and reduced prices. This is a threat to the very existence of product and sales start declining If proper care likes addition of special features, design changes are not incorporated there comes a time when the products are to be taken back from the market. Lecture notes 6 Product life-cycle

7. Product design/development process Product design deals with conversion of ideas into reality . Every business organization has to design, develop and introduce new products as a survival and growth strategy . Developing the new products and launching them in the market is the biggest challenge faced by the organizations. Product development translates the needs of customers given by marketing into technical specifications and designing the various features into the product to these specifications. Manufacturing has the responsibility of selecting the processes by which the product can be manufactured. Product design and development provides link between marketing, customer needs and expectations and the activities required to manufacture the product. Lecture notes/2017EC. By TGK 7

8. Stages of product design/development process Stage I: Conception The draft specifications for the product are laid down incorporating the user requirements at this stage This stage provides the basis for all subsequent design activities The specifications of the proposed product must be prepared by marketing department in as much details as possible E.g.: quantity, appearance, performance, processing cost, and date of introduction Stage II: Acceptance This is a stage where the design activity of the product begins after the feasibility analysis and model making and calculations of the product is accepted Stage III: Execution The cost of the product is built at this stage which the production engineers always try to stick to it Now the advanced techniques like rapid prototyping technique (RPT) and experimental stress analysis techniques are available for prototype, modeling and testing Lecture notes 8

9. Stages of product design/development process Stage IV: Translation At this stage the production engineering department is involved in design work. The manufacturing feasibility is tested at this stage. The final manufacturing drawings are prepared . Stage V: Pre-production In large scale production, it is recommended to carry out a pilot run under production conditions This will consist of completely assembling quantity of production from parts or components made by normal production method and using the same degree of skill in the operatives which will be found in the final manufacture The pre-production run will ensure the quality, reliability of product as per the specifications before the production will be started on commercial basis Thus the pre-production stage will check: 1. Drawings 2 . Final tools 3 . Production techniques and estimates 4 . Specifications. Lecture notes 9

10. Factors affect/ consideration new product design A. Marketing Aspects Once the product is selected, then it is very important to know the marketability of the product relates with acceptability to the product If there is no potential market, then it is a wasteful exercise to design and manufacture the product B. Functional Aspects The functional scope of the product is to be carefully analyzed and the functions are to be defined properly It includes what function expected to perform and easily runnable Prepared by: TGK/2017EC. 10

11. Cont. C. Durability and Dependability These two factors define the quality and reliability of the product Durability refers to the length of the active life of the product under given working conditions Dependability refers to the reliability with which the product serves its intended function Thus , quality of the product is directly proportional to the quality of inputs (materials, men, etc.), the process of manufacture Reliability is a measure of the ability of a product, a part, a service, or an entire system to perform its intended function under a prescribed set of conditions D. Economic Analysis An economic analysis is the key to the management decision in product design policy It deals with investment needed, expected profit, and volume expected to produce Lecture notes 11

12. cont . E. Aesthetic Aspect Aesthetic aspect refers to the “ external look good ’ aspect of the product and it is concerned with molding the final shape around the basic skeleton Aesthetic aspects help the selling function of the product by attracting the customers and creating the first impression about the product For consumer goods aesthetics is the dominant factor in creating the demand for the product Styling becomes the important factor in product design in situations such as changes in fashion and taste, evolution of form and introduction of new ideas to quickly outdate the old ones Lecture notes 12

13. Standardization Standardization is a tool for variety reduction “ Standardization is a process of defining and applying the conditions necessary to ensure that given range of requirements can normally be met with a minimum of variety and in a reproducible and economic manner on the basis of the best current techniques.” Objectives of Standardization 1. Interchangeability of parts, components, etc. 2. Keeping the variety minimum 3. Helps to achieve a better control due to reduced variety 2017EC. 13

14. Quality control Quality Control (QC) may be defined as ‘ a system that is used to maintain a desired level of quality in a product or service ’. It is a systematic control of various factors that affect the quality of the product . Quality control aims at prevention of defects at the source, relies on effective feedback system and corrective action procedure. Quality control can also be defined as ‘that industrial management technique by means of which product of uniform acceptable quality is manufactured’. It is the entire collection of activities which ensures that the operation will produce the optimum quality products at minimum cost. Quality control 14

15. Reference Lecture notes 15 1. TELSANG MT. Industrial Engineering And Production Management .; 2015. 2. Kumar SA, Suresh N. Production and Operations Management . 2nd ed.; 2008.

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