Parts of speech English for Colombian learners

**Parts of Speech: English for Colombian Learners**

El estudio de las "Parts of Speech" (Partes de la oración) es fundamental para cualquier aprendiz de inglés, y su importancia se multiplica cuando se trata de estudiantes colombianos, quienes encuentran varios desafíos debido a las diferencias estructurales entre el inglés y el español. En este texto de 3000 palabras, exploraremos las ocho principales partes de la oración en inglés: **noun (sustantivo), pronoun (pronombre), verb (verbo), adjective (adjetivo), adverb (adverbio), preposition (preposición), conjunction (conjunción)** e **interjection (interjección)**, con un enfoque especial en las dificultades y estrategias comunes para los aprendices de inglés en Colombia.

### 1. **Nouns (Sustantivos)**

Los **sustantivos** son palabras que se usan para nombrar personas, lugares, cosas o ideas. En inglés, los sustantivos pueden ser **contables** o **no contables**, una distinción que no siempre existe en español. Esto genera confusión entre los aprendices colombianos.

- **Ejemplos de sustantivos contables**: apple (manzana), car (carro), book (libro).
- **Ejemplos de sustantivos no contables**: water (agua), information (información), furniture (muebles).

En inglés, los sustantivos contables tienen formas singulares y plurales, mientras que los no contables generalmente no tienen forma plural. Por ejemplo, *two books* es correcto, pero *two informations* no lo es. Los estudiantes colombianos deben aprender a diferenciar estos tipos de sustantivos y recordar que, en inglés, algunos sustantivos que son contables en español no lo son en inglés, como “dinero” (money) o “pan” (bread).

Además, los sustantivos en inglés no tienen género gramatical, lo que facilita el aprendizaje en comparación con el español, donde los sustantivos son masculinos o femeninos.

#### Subcategorías de sustantivos

1. **Proper nouns (nombres propios)**: Nombres de personas, lugares o marcas específicas. Siempre comienzan con mayúscula, como *Bogotá*, *Juan*, *Coca-Cola*.
2. **Common nouns (nombres comunes)**: Se refieren a cualquier miembro de una clase o categoría, como *city* (ciudad), *dog* (perro), *teacher* (maestro).

### 2. **Pronouns (Pronombres)**

Los **pronombres** son palabras que reemplazan a los sustantivos, y son cruciales para evitar la repetición innecesaria. Existen varios tipos de pronombres en inglés, algunos de los cuales no tienen un equivalente directo en español, lo que puede generar confusión entre los estudiantes colombianos.

#### Tipos de pronombres

- **Personal pronouns (pronombres personales)**: *I, you, he, she, it, we, they*. Se utilizan para referirse a personas o cosas.

Ejemplo:
- *She is my friend* (Ella es mi amiga).
- *They are going to the park* (Ellos van al parque).

- **Possessive pronouns (pronombres posesivos)**: *mine, yours, his, hers, ours, theirs*. Indican posesión o propiedad. No confundir con los adjetivos posesivos (*my, your, his, her*), que se usan con su

1. Professor : Luis Felipe Fajardo Segura- [email protected] [phone] English Language skills development - PARTS OF SPEECH

2. LANGUAGES COMPETENCES Reading Speaking Listening Writing Critical Thinking

3. STUDY GRAMMAR IS IMPORTANT! Because allows to learners to think clearly about currently , past and future information. ‘Cause construct sense of the meanings. For a better communication and comprehension about the languages Because provide the speakers with criteria to decide what is acceptable ,appropriate and what is not.

4. There are u niversal gramma r elements in all languages

5. TENSES

6. NAMING WORDS Is the core of sentences

7. EXAMPLES: A person:

8. EXAMPLES: A lot of people: http://www.bbc.co.uk/learningenglish/chinese/features/the-english-we-speak/ep-151013

9. EXAMPLES: An animal: https://www.worldanimalprotection.cr/nuestro-trabajo/animales-silvestres/protegiendo-los-animales-durante-las-vacaciones

10. EXAMPLES: Animals: https://www.worldanimalprotection.cr/nuestro-trabajo/animales-silvestres/protegiendo-los-animales-durante-las-vacaciones

11. EXAMPLES: Cities: https://www.dnp.gov.co/DNPN/Paginas/Plan-Nacional-de-Desarrollo.aspx https://sigot.igac.gov.co/

12. EXAMPLES: A city: Google‘ maps

13. IDEAS :

14. Quantify or Qualify  the noun and descriptors words are adjectives

15. are and movement

16. SECTOR VARIABLE FINANCIAL ESTIMATE METHOD DATA RESEARCH PROCESS INDIVIDUAL PRINCIPLE NOUN ADJECTIVE VERB

17. MATCH THE DEFINITIONS In this game you will learn new words and how to paraphrase ( describe ) using their definitions . Choose the word that matches the definition given. A maximum of two definitions are given by word

18. _____ is a part or division of an area , especially part of economy Sector Financial Especific Research

19. _____ is a part or division of an area , especially part of economy Sector Financial Especific Research

20. A ___ is something that may not always be the same estimate variable available individual

21. A ___ is something that may not always be the same estimate variable available individual

22. A _____ problem , issue or activity is about money a.financial b. method c. estimate d. process

23. A _____ problem , issue or activity is about money a.financial b. method c. estimate d. process

24. I f you _____ the number , size , value , amount , cost, etc of something , you guess based on incomplete information An ____ is a judgement of a size , value , amount, cost , tc which is based on incomplete information financial principle process estimate

25. If you _____ the number , size , value , amount , cost, etc of something , you guess based on incomplete information An ____ is a judgement of a size , value , amount, cost , tc which is based on incomplete information financial principle process estimate

26. ____ is the process or result of trying to find an answer by reading , interviewing , watching or doing experiments if you _____ a question , you try to find an answer ,usually bu reading a lot about it , or by doing experiments available method research estimate

27. ____ is the process or result of trying to find an answer by reading , interviewing , watching or doing experiments if you _____ a question , you try to find an answer ,usually bu reading a lot about it , or by doing experiments available method research estimate

28. ____ is the process or result of trying to find an answer by reading , interviewing , watching or doing experiments if you _____ a question , you try to find an answer ,usually bu reading a lot about it , or by doing experiments available method research estimate

29. _____ is information, such as facts , numbers, photographs , etc… principle specific financial data

30. _____ is information, such as facts , numbers, photographs , etc… principle specific financial data

31. If you use a ______ to achieve a goal, then you use a planned process a.specific b. available c. variable d. method

32. If you use a ______ to achieve a goal, then you use a planned process a.specific b. available c. variable d. method

33. A ____ is a series of steps that you take for a particular purpose If you ____something you change it from its natural state into something that’s ready to use process variable specific research

34. A ____ is a series of steps that you take for a particular purpose If you ____something you change it from its natural state into something that’s ready to use process variable specific research

35. If something is _____ , it is detailed, clear and limited process variable specific research

36. If something is _____ , it is detailed, clear and limited process variable specific research A______ idea, person, group , etc. is the one that is of interest, or when someone knows exactly which one they’re talking about

37. An ____ is a single person , looked at separately from others An ____ person or thing is looked at separately from others individual variable research principle

38. An ____ is a single person , looked at separately from others An ____ person or thing is looked at separately from others individual variable research principle

39. If something is ____ , it exists and you can use it financial available research individual

40. If something is ____ , it exists and you can use it financial available research individual

41. A ____ is the general idea that explains or supports something _____s are personal rules that tell you what is right and wrong estimate sector principle data

42. A ____ is the general idea that explains or supports something _____s are personal rules that tell you what is right and wrong estimate sector principle data

43. This game will help you understand the context that these new words are used in. This will help you use the words correctly in your own speaking and writing You will see one or two sentences with the same missing word that you think goes in the gaps COMPLETE THE SENTENCES

44. use the clue to spell the word . The first letter of the word is highlighted in green SPELL THE WORDS

45. Learning synonyms for new words is a great way to quickly improve you vocabulary. You will be given a word and its definition. You must select the word or words that have a similar meaning , each word can have one, two or three synonims FIND THE SYNONYMS

46. This game is designed to help you with your grammar and to improve your ability to recognise the parts of speech ( noun, verbs , adjectives ) PARTS OF SPEECH

47. GRAMMAR INFORMATION A part of speech is a type of word . The word type is needed to know what grammar to use . There are 5 parts of speech in this word list : NOUN: A name of an object or person is a noun . VERB : Action words, these words usually follow the subject and can show what tense the sentence is in. ADJECTIVE : Describing words , these words usually follows the verb “be” PREPOSITION : A preposition is a word that tells us when or where something happens . ADVERB: An adverb is a word that changes the strength or style of a verb or an adjective