Patent protection for biological inventions

INDUSTRIAL MICROBIOLOGY.
INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY rights and patenting and copyright .

1. PATENT PROTECTION FOR BIOLOGICAL INVENTIONS . BY : ANJALI SHARMA (MSc) Department of microbiology

2. PATENT PROTECTION FOR BIOLOGICAL INVENTIONS (CONTENTS) PATENTING IPR PATENT WHY IPR IS IMPORTANT? FORMS OF IPR/ PROTECTION OF IPR

3. PATENTING AND IPR IPR stands for (INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHT ). DEFINITON: “The dictionary meaning of property is either a land , gods or money. This defines a ( PHYSICAL PROPERTY ). While an intellectual property arises as a creation of human mind and is use in the form of idea ,concept , a design , work mark , process etc. which is a ultimately be transalted into a useful method. FOR E.g. : the process of antibiotic production.

4. CHIEF PROBLEM OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY: They can be copied and used by other. This reduces the benefits that occurs to the original inventors of these properties .

5. The right of an inventor to gain profits form their intellectual property and to exclude others from doing this. ACCORDING TO IPR

6. PATENTING PATENT: A patent is the granting of IPR by a sovereign authority to an inventor . This grant provides the inventor exclusive rights to the patented process , design , or invention for a designated period in exchange for a comprehensive disclosure of invention . They are a form of (INCORPOREAL RIGHTS).

7. WHY IPR IS IMPORTANT? Reward original effects. Stimulate innovations(any new introduction) and creativity. Prevent duplication of work . Commercial value in research. Prevent exploitation of work or research or workers or inventors. Technical information for research to prevent litigation.

8. PROTECTON / FORM OF IPR:

9. 1)TRADE MARK Words or symbols used by manufacturers to identifyy goods. Consumer able to distinguish goods by one manufacturers from others. Firstly registered for 10 years , later renewed by payment of fees for unlimited period .

10. 2) TRADE SECRET/CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATIONS : Protect a formula or production process . FOR E.g.: microbial starin or cell line . When an IPR owner or an inventor does not discloses its own work or research and keep it guarded secret from its own commercial interests called (TRADE SECRETS). FOR E.g.: does not protect manuscripts , design , or product.

11. COPYRIGHT: These properties which are not patentable they are protected by (COPYRIGHTS). FOR E.g. : books, audio , video , casettes .

12. GEOGRAPHICAL INDICATION : Indication which identifies as manufactured /originate / processed in territory of country. (such as agricultural , manufactured , natural goos etc .) Quality and reputation of such goods ae belonging to geographical origin. FOR E.g.: i ) Kolahapuri chappal ii) Assam black tea .

13. INDUSTRIAL DESIGN: Includes composition of product , colours , lines , configuration . Main criteria : novelty and originality. Registration of design : by government under DESIGN ACT (2001). FOR E.g.: shoe , medal , mobile etc .

14. INTEGRATED CIRCUITS : Includes connecting elements . Manner in which integrated circuits and transistors are laid out. Symbol for ic .

15. PATENT: Is the grant of an IPR by a sovereign authority to an inventor. This grant provides the inventor exclusive rights to the patented process , design , or invention for a designated period in exchange for comprehensive disclosure of invention.

16. PLANT BREEDERS RIGHT: PBR is granted by government to owner of a variety. PBR empowers the breeder to exclude other from producing the proprating material of protected variety for a variety for a period of atleast (15-20) years. FOR E.g.: Genetic component and breeder’s processed are protected . Requirement of PBR: i ) novelty , ii) distinctiveness , iii)uniformity.