Patents (With Popular Indian Case Studies)

Patents, copy-write, trademark, procedure of patents, Intellectual Property, Compulsory Licensing

Basmati Rice Patent Case (Rice Tec V/s India)
Bayer V/s NATCO Licensing Case

1. Submitted By-
JastinderPal Singh
MBA (2015-17)
15421163
School of Management Studies, Punjabi University Patiala
Submitted To-
Dr. AparSingh

2. 2. Trademark3. Patent1. Copyright
IntellectualProperty?
Intellectualpropertyreferstocreationsofthemind,such
asinventions;literaryandartisticworks;designs;and
symbols,namesandimagesusedincommerce.

3. Whatiscopyright?
Copyright(orauthor’sright)isalegaltermusedtodescribe
therightsthatcreatorshaveovertheirliteraryandartistic
works.Workscoveredbycopyrightrangefrombooks,
music,paintings,sculpture,andfilms,tocomputer
programs,databases,advertisements,maps,andtechnical
drawings.

4. Whatisatrademark?
Atrademarkisasigncapableofdistinguishingthegoods
orservicesofoneenterprisefromthoseofother
enterprises.Trademarksareprotectedbyintellectual
propertyrights.

5. Trademarks of Various Companies

6. Whatisapatent?
Apatentisanexclusiverightgrantedforaninvention,whichisa
productoraprocessthatprovides,ingeneral,anewwayofdoing
something,oroffersanewtechnicalsolutiontoaproblem.Togeta
patent,technicalinformationabouttheinventionmustbedisclosed
tothepublicinapatentapplication.

7. One Can Get Patent In
Modification
New Product
Design
Useful Way To Do Things

8. Difference
Design Geographical Indications

9. I P LEGISLATIONS IN INDIA
1.PATENTS ACT , 1970
2.TRADE MARKS ACT, 1999
3.COPY RIGHT ACT , 1957
4.DESIGNS ACT , 2000
5.SEMICONDUCTOR INTEGRATED CIRCUITS AND LAYOUT
DESIGNS ACT, 2000
6.GEOGRAPHICAL INDICATIONS OF GOODS (REGISTRATION
AND PROTECTION) ACT,1999
7.THE PROTECTON OF PLANT VARIETIES AND FARMERS
RIGHTS ACT,2001

10. BasmatiRice PatentCase
In1997,whenanAmericancompanyRiceTecwasgranteda
patentbytheUSpatentofficetocallthearomaticricegrown
outsideIndia"Basmati“(thequeenoffragrance)
Indiafiledcaseasthebasmatiriceisgeographicalindication.
ButRiceTecclaimedthattheStarchindex(SI)oftheirproductis
differentfromIndianBasmatiRice.

11. Lose To India & Pakistan-
Economic loses.
Global trade losses (Indian Basmati lost market of US & Europe).
In 1996 India export 5 Lac Tonnsof Basmati only to Europe
Both countries lose their global market share.
Total closedown on export of Pakistani Basmati Rice (i.e.
Basmati 22)
Benefits To RiceTec-
BrandAssociation
Reputation
Marketshare
Superiorfeatures/characteristics
Confusingthecustomersintobuyingtheirproduct
MonopolyonBasmatiRiceInUS&Europe
Continued….

12. 1. Product Patent
2. Process Patent

13. What Is Patentable?
Process, Method or Manner of manufacture
Machine, Apparatus or other Articles
Substances produced by Manufacturing
Software which has Technical application to Industry or is used
with Special Hardware
Product Patent for Food / Chemical / Medicines or Drugs
Improvements to any of the above

14. What Is Not Patentable?
Purely mental processes (Concept of Mind)
Mathematical algorithms or formulas
Arrangements of printed matter (This include under copyright)
Naturally occurring things (eg. gravity)
Scientific principles or older concepts or older practices
Inventions solely useful in making atomic weapons (Destructive
inventions)
Inventions harmful to natural occurrence of Human, Plant, Animal

15. Turmeric patent case
May,1995theUSPatentOfficegrantedtotheUniversityof
MississippiMedicalCenterapatent[#5,401,504]for"Useof
TurmericinWoundHealing.“
ButinIndiauseofTurmericforWoundHealingisveryold
practice
ThepatentwaschallengedbyDr.RAMashelkar(FormerDirector
generalofCouncilofScientificandIndustrialResearch(CSIR)
(1995-2006),anIndianscientistwhohasdonemuchtoawaken
IndiatoIntellectualPropertyRightsissues.
April,1998CSIRwonthecaseandpatenthasbeencanceled

16. What Makes An Invention Patentable?
"Novel"meanstheinventionwasneverdescribedinapatent,
publishedpatentapplicationorotherpublication,andneverin
publicuseoronsale,byothersbeforeyoufiledyourapplication.
"Useful"generallymeansthattheinventiondoessomething,
anythingatall.
“Notobvious"meanstheinventionmustnotbeanobvious
developmentofwhathasgonebefore,inthejudgmentofan
ordinarypersonskilledinthe applicablefield.

17. Type of Patent Applications
2.PCTApplication,i.e.,anApplicationwhichhasbeenfilledto
WIPO
PCT(PatentCooperationTreaty)forinternationalpatents
protectionforaninventionin148countriesthroughoutthe
world.
1.ConventionalorElectronicApplication,i.e.,anApplication
whichhasbeenfileddirectlyintheIndianPatentOffice.
PatentofficeinIndia:Kolkata,Delhi,ChennaiandMumbai.
3.PatentofAddition,whichmaybefiledsubsequenttotheFiling
ofanApplicationforPatent,foranimprovementormodification.

18. PUBLICATION OF APPLICATION
REQUEST FOR EXAMINATION
GRANT OF PATENT
3rd Party Representation
Revocation/Amendment
OPPOSITION
•PROMPTLY AFTER 18 MONTHS FROM P.D.
•WITHIN 48 MONTHS FROM F.D .
•ALL OBJECTIONS TO BE COMPLIED WITHIN 12
MONTHS
•IF P.S.IS FILED C.S. TO BE FILED WITHIN 12MONTHS
•WITHIN 12 MONTHS
FILING OF APPLICATION
PROVNL. / COMPLETE
Decision of
Controller
EXAMINATION-ISSUE OF FER
Appeal
Appellate Board
Procedure of Application (in the Indian Patent Office)

19. Procedure of PCT Application (via the Indian Patent Office)

20. PatentcostisaboutRs.45000toRs.1,50,000
PatenteecantakehelpofPatentAgentaftersigningNon
DisclosureAgreement.
Patenteemusthavetopayrenewalfeefrom3
rd
yearto20
th
year
(i.e.approximatelyRs.2000toRs.44000peryear)
Patenteehaverighttousethepatentfor20year,butafter20
yearanyonecanusethatinnovationwithoutconcernofpatentee
Timeofthepatentcanbeincreasedthan20yearonspecial
conditionswithSupplementaryProtectionCertificate(SPC)
Other Information About Patents

21. INDIA On Patents

22. Compulsory Licensing?
Patentownerhastherighttodecidewhomay–ormaynot–
usethepatentedinventionfortheperiodinwhichtheinvention
isprotected
Butgovernmentcanusepatentagainstinterestofpatentee
withspecialconditions.
Compulsorylicensing:-iswhenagovernmentallowssomeone
elsetoproducethepatentedproductorprocesswithoutthe
consentofthepatentowner.
AnyonecanapplyforCompulsorylicensingforanypatentand
governmentcanissueCompulsorylicenseforpublicinterest.

23. Need of Compulsory Licensing ?
Torecognizereasonablerequirementsofpublic,infavorof
publicinterest
Topreventabuseofpatentasmonopoly
Emergencyissues

24. Vs.
India’s First Compulsory License Case
BayerHealthCarehavepatentoncancermedicineSorafenib
(sellingunderbrandnameNexavar)
ButNatcoPharmaLimitedgottheCompulsoryLicenseinIndiaon
Sorafenib(Nexavar).
BayerHealthCarefilledcasetoIPABagainstCompulsoryLicense
toNatcoPharmaLimitedonNexavar
ButIPABsaidtocontinueNatcoPharmaLimitedwithissued
license,butBayergotasixpercentroyaltyonsalesbyNatco.
MainreasonofissueingCompulsoryLicensetoNatcoPharma
LimitedonNexavar
-BayersellNexavarforRs.2,84,000perpatientpermonth
-ButNatcosellsamemedicineforRs.8,800perpersonpermonth
-NatcogotCompulsoryLicenseforprovidingNexavaronreasonable
prices(underconditionofpublicinterestofCompulsoryLicense)

26. THANK YOU