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1. RED STRIPE IN SUGARCANE

2. INTRODUCTION Sugarcane ( Saccharum officinarum L .) is one of the most important commercial crops cultivated worldwide for sugar and biofuel production. In India and other tropical/subtropical countries, sugarcane contributes significantly to the agricultural economy. However, its productivity is often threatened by various diseases, among which Red Stripe, caused by the bacterium Pseudomonas rubrilineans , is important. This disease reduces cane quality, juice recovery, and yield, thereby impacting both farmers and sugar industries

3. Causal Organism: Taxonomy Domain : Bacteria Phylum : Proteobacteria Class : Gammaproteobacteria Order : Pseudomonadales Family : Pseudomonadaceae Genus : Pseudomonas Species : Pseudomonas rubrilineans

4. Morphological Characteristics PSEUDOMONAS RUBRILINEANs Shape : Rod-shaped, slender bacilli. Gram Stain: Gram-negative. Motility : Motile via one or more polar flagella. Reproduction : Non-spore-forming. Aerobic : An aerobic bacterium.

5. Symptoms Leaf Symptoms Long, narrow reddish stripes running parallel to veins.
Stripes initially water-soaked, turning dark red with age.
Severe infection leads to leaf drying and withering.

6. Systemic Symptoms Leaf tips may die back.
Infected canes show reddish streaks internally. Severe Cases Poor growth, stunted plants.
Reduced tillering and thin canes.

7. Disease Cycle The pathogen survives in infected cane setts, plant debris, and soil. Spread occurs mainly through: . Setts used for planting (primary source).
. Rain splash and irrigation water.
. Insects and mechanical injuries (secondary spread). Enters through wounds or natural openings. Favourable conditions: High humidity, warm temperature (28–34°C), and heavy rainfall enhance disease spread

8. Epidemiology Disease occurs mostly in rainy season.
High relative humidity (>80%) and warm temperatures favor bacterial growth.
Dense planting and poor drainage aggravate incidence.

9. Impact of the Disease Yield Loss : Can cause 10–30% yield reduction depending on severity. Juice Quality: Reduced sugar content and recovery. Economic Impact : Loss in cane weight and jaggery /sugar production.

10. Management Practices A.Cultural Practices Use disease-free setts for planting.
Select resistant/tolerant varieties (e.g., Co 419, Co 740).
Avoid ratooning of severely infected fields.
Follow proper field sanitation and destroy infected crop residues.

11. B.Chemical Control Treat seed setts with Agromycin (streptomycin sulfate 100 ppm) or Plantomycin solution before planting.
Spraying copper-based bactericides (copper oxychloride) may reduce incidence. C. Biological Control Use of beneficial rhizobacteria like Pseudomonas fluorescens and Bacillus subtilis as sett treatment for suppression. D. Integrated Management Combine resistant varieties + sett treatment + cultural practices for effective control

12. Conclusion Red Stripe of sugarcane, caused by Pseudomonas rubrilineans , is a significant bacterial disease reducing yield and sugar recovery. Integrated disease management through the use of resistant varieties, healthy planting material, chemical/biological sett treatments, and field sanitation can effectively control its spread. Sustainable disease management is essential for enhancing sugarcane productivity and ensuring stable returns for farmers

13. REFERENCE Rott , P., Bailey, R. A., Comstock, J. C., Croft, B. J., & Saumtally , A. S. (2000). A Guide to Sugarcane Diseases. CIRAD & ISSCT, Montpellier, France Rao, G.P., & Viswanathan , R. (1997). “Current status of bacterial diseases of sugarcane in India.” Sugarcane, 5: 22–27. Viswanathan , R., & Rao, G. P. (2011). “Sugarcane red stripe disease in India: distribution, epidemiology and management.” Sugar Tech, 13(1), 5–12.