Pathology_Practical_Lecture_with_Images (1).pptx

Pathology by Dr Abbas

1. Microscopic Examination of Basic Pathological Changes Pathology Practical Lecture

2. Objectives - Recognize microscopic features of pathological changes. - Differentiate between reversible and irreversible injury. - Describe necrosis and apoptosis microscopically.

3. Cellular Adaptations - Atrophy: Decrease in cell size. - Hypertrophy: Increase in cell size. - Hyperplasia: Increase in number of cells. - Metaplasia: Replacement of one cell type by another. - Dysplasia: Disordered growth, abnormal nuclei.

4. Irreversible Injury - Necrosis: Pyknosis, Karyorrhexis, Karyolysis. - Apoptosis: Programmed cell death, apoptotic bodies.

5. Types of Necrosis - Coagulative necrosis: Preserved architecture (e.g., infarcts). - Liquefactive necrosis: Digestion into liquid mass (e.g., brain abscess). - Caseous necrosis: Granulomatous inflammation (e.g., TB). - Gangrenous necrosis: Limb ischemia.

6. Practical Exercise - Examine slides with H&E stain. - Identify type of cellular change. - Note nuclear changes (pyknosis, karyorrhexis, karyolysis). - Write a short microscopic description.

7. MCQ Practice 1. Which change is reversible? A) Necrosis B) Metaplasia C) Karyolysis D) Apoptosis 2. Apoptosis is characterized by: A) Swelling B) Apoptotic bodies C) Nuclear lysis D) Inflammation

8. Summary - Pathological changes can be adaptive or injurious. - Reversible: atrophy, hypertrophy, hyperplasia, metaplasia. - Irreversible: necrosis, apoptosis. - Recognizing patterns under microscope is essential for pathology.