PATRICK GEDDES CONCEPT AND INTRODUCTION1.pptx

patrick geddes

1. PATRICK GEDDES Patrick Geddes (1854-1932) was a pioneering Scottish biologist, sociologist, geographer, and urban planner whose innovative ideas significantly influenced the development of modern urban planning. His work emphasized the importance of understanding the complex relationships between people, their communities, and their environments.

2. 1. Edinburgh, Scotland Outlook Tower : Geddes transformed this historic building into a museum and educational center that reflected his interdisciplinary approach to understanding cities. It featured exhibits on geography, sociology, and urban planning. Old Town Redevelopment : Geddes applied his "conservative surgery" principle to the historic Old Town of Edinburgh. He focused on preserving and rehabilitating the existing buildings and spaces rather than demolishing them, enhancing the area's cultural and historical value. 2. Dunfermline, Scotland Dunfermline: A Study in City Development : Geddes was commissioned to create a development plan for Dunfermline, which included proposals for housing, green spaces, and public buildings. His plan emphasized the integration of new developments with the existing urban fabric and natural environment.

3. 3. Tel Aviv, Israel Tel Aviv Plan : In the 1920s, Geddes was invited to develop a master plan for the rapidly growing city of Tel Aviv. His plan included wide streets, green spaces, and a mix of residential, commercial, and public areas, promoting a balanced and sustainable urban environment. 4. Indore, India Indore Plan : Geddes was brought to India to advise on the development of several cities. In Indore, he applied his principles of civic surveys and conservative surgery to improve the city's layout and infrastructure, focusing on sanitation, housing, and public health. 5. Montpellier, France Montpellier Civic Center : Geddes developed plans for a civic center in Montpellier that included public buildings, parks, and open spaces designed to foster community engagement and cultural activities.

4. 6. University of Bombay (Mumbai), India University Campus Development : Geddes was involved in the planning and development of the University of Bombay campus. His design integrated educational buildings with green spaces and promoted a holistic educational environment.

5. the key concepts he used in his works: 1. The Valley Section Concept : The Valley Section is a diagrammatic representation that illustrates the interdependence of different ecological zones from the mountains to the sea. It shows how various human activities and settlements fit into the natural landscape. Application : Geddes used this concept to promote an understanding of how cities and regions are part of a larger ecological system. This idea underpins modern landscape urbanism and ecological urbanism, which emphasize the integration of urban development with natural systems. 2. Conservative Surgery Concept : Rather than demolishing and rebuilding, Geddes advocated for the preservation and careful adaptation of existing buildings and neighborhoods. This approach maintains the historical and cultural fabric of urban areas while allowing for modernization. Application : Geddes applied this concept in the Old Town of Edinburgh, where he worked on preserving historic buildings and adapting them for contemporary use. This concept is now a key principle in urban renewal and historic preservation efforts. 3. Civic Surveys Concept : Geddes believed in conducting comprehensive surveys to gather detailed information about the social, economic, and physical characteristics of urban areas. These surveys informed planning decisions and helped create a holistic understanding of the city. Application : He implemented civic surveys in cities like Edinburgh and Indore, collecting data on various aspects of urban life to guide development plans. Modern urban planning continues to use data-driven approaches, such as Geographic Information Systems (GIS), to inform planning and policy decisions.

6. 4. Regional Planning Concept : Geddes emphasized the importance of planning at a regional scale, considering the broader geographic, economic, and social context in which cities exist. He believed that cities should not be planned in isolation but as part of a larger region. Application : His regional planning ideas influenced the development of the Tel Aviv master plan, which considered the city's role within the surrounding region. Today, regional planning is a fundamental aspect of sustainable development, ensuring that urban growth is coordinated with regional infrastructure and resource management. 5. Biocentric Approach Concept : Geddes advocated for a biocentric approach to urban planning, which places a strong emphasis on the relationship between human settlements and the natural environment. This approach promotes the integration of green spaces, sustainable land use, and the protection of natural resources. Application : Geddes’s plans for cities like Tel Aviv and Dunfermline included extensive green spaces and parks, reflecting his belief in the importance of nature in urban environments. This approach is evident in contemporary green city initiatives and the emphasis on urban biodiversity. 6. Educational and Civic Engagement Concept : Geddes believed that education and public participation were crucial for effective urban planning. He promoted the idea of "civics," an educational approach that combined geography, biology, and sociology to teach people about their environment and community. Application : He established the Outlook Tower in Edinburgh as an educational center to promote civic awareness and engagement. Modern urban planning increasingly incorporates public participation and educational programs to ensure that planning processes are inclusive and democratic. 7. Holistic and Interdisciplinary Approach Concept : Geddes’s approach to urban planning was deeply interdisciplinary, integrating insights from biology, sociology, geography, and economics. He believed that understanding the complex interrelationships within cities required a holistic perspective. Application : His interdisciplinary methodology influenced the planning of university campuses, such as the University of Bombay, where he integrated educational buildings with natural landscapes. Today, urban planning often involves interdisciplinary teams and considers diverse factors such as social equity, environmental sustainability, and economic viability.